Final report on link level and system level channel models - Winner

WINNER D5.4 v. 1.4
Figure 5.21: Path-loss in rural scenario on the route 3.1.
The average corrected path-loss formula for the over-all path loss in the measurements was
PL(d) = 50.4 + 25.8 log 10 (d), s = 8.4 dB (5.9)
The average corrected path-loss formula for the NLOS path loss in the measurements was
PL(d) = 55.8 + 25.1 log 10 (d), s = 6.7 dB (5.10)
where d is the distance and s is the standard deviation of the shadow fading. Correction means that the
cutting of the high values was estimated and compensated.
It should be noted that the definition of NLOS was performed according to the power difference of 10 dB
from the free-space loss. Another note is that the noise-floor cuts the weakest signals, so that the highest
path losses were cut as well. It can be assumed, however, that the effect of this limiting is relatively small.
The rural NLOS measurement results were obtained from three routes, which means quite a limited set of
measurements. Therefore the model has been compared with literature and adjusted appropriately in
Section 5.6.1.
5.4.2 LOS probability
LOS probability is the probability that the LOS propagation between the transmitter and the receiver
exists.
5.4.2.1 Scenario A1
The probability of line-of-sight (LOS) propagation vs. distance is a function we denote the p LOS function.
For scenario A1, this characteristic can be derived analytically because the geometry of the scenario is
known exactly.
A simple ad-hoc fit of the derived p LOS function is given as:
where x = 1 - log 10 (d / 2.5) / log 10 (100 / 2.5).
5.4.2.2 Scenario B3
p LOS (d) = 1 – (1 – x 3 ) 1/3 * (1 – 5 / 50), (5.11)
In [LUI99] measurement results for the big factory hall environment are presented. Length, width and
height are 90, 30 and 10 m respectively. BS height was 8 m and MS height was 1.5 m. Average
probability of LOS was 0.5. Up to 10 m distance in such a big halls there is almost always LOS (if Rx is
placed right). Therefore, we propose for the big factory halls, airport and train stations:
⎧1,
d < 10m
P LOS
= ⎨
(5.12)
⎩exp(
−(
d −10) / 45)
where d is in meters. The figure below shows this function of the distance.
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