Final report on link level and system level channel models - Winner

WINNER D5.4 v. 1.4
cluster (ZDSC). These mean angles of the ZDSCs are generated by random generators of defined
probability density functions. The probability density functions of azimuth angles of ZDSC of either
departure or arrival are denoted as f ( φ)
and f ( ϕ)
, respectively, are independent of their delays. When
the pdf of ZDSC_A and ZDSC_D are zero mean truncated Gaussian, they can be written as
where Ψ =
and
where Ω =
Here
σ ~ φ and
1
2πσ~
1
2πσ~
ϕ
φ
π
∫
−π
π
∫
−π
⎛
2
⎜
ϕ
exp
−
⎝ 2 σ ~
2
⎛ φ
exp
⎜ −
⎝ 2 σ ~
⎛
2
( ) = 1
⎞
⎜
ϕ
f ϕ
exp − ⎟
2 ~ Ψ
⎝ 2 σ ~ 2
(4.33)
πσ
ϕ ϕ ⎠
2
ϕ
⎞
⎟
dϕ
,
⎠
⎛
2
( ) = 1
⎞
⎜
φ
f φ
exp − ⎟
2 ~ Ω
⎝ 2 σ ~ 2
(4.34)
πσ
φ φ ⎠
2
⎞
⎟dφ
⎠
σ ~ ϕ are standard deviations and are related to the RMS angle-spreads σ
φ and
σ
ϕ represent the composite RMS angle-
the parameter r φ and r ϕ , respectively. Note that the
spreads not per cluster angle-spreads (AS).
4.1.4.1.6 Impulse response of ZDSC
σ
φ and
σ
ϕ through
With very wide bandwidth, fading of component of certain delays is due to interference between
multipath components that arrive in clusters having same or very close delays but differ in angle of
arrivals and/or angle of departures. This has been discussed previously and represents the concept of
ZDSC. Having the concept of ZDSC, the function (D 3 SF) can be written as:
N M
, , , , , , , ,
( τφθϕϑ) = ∑∑ αnm , ( t) δ ( φ−φnm ,
θ −θnm ,
ϕ −ϕnm ,
ϑ−ϑnm , ) δ ( τ −τn)
ht
n= 1 m=
1
(4.35)
where N is number of ZDSCs, and M is the number of rays within the cluster. Here in (4.37), we assume
same number of rays in each ZDSC. The spacing in angle domain between rays around mean angle of the
cluster is determined to satisfy certain angle-spread of certain power azimuth spectrum. The power
division between rays of total cluster power could be dependent of angle of arrival (departure) or same
power in all rays can also be assumed. For the case when equal power between rays is assumed, the
angles are separated based on certain PAS. One widely used PAS is the Laplacian power spectrum, the
power of each ray is P n
M , where P
n is the power of the nth cluster, the departure or arrival angles are
spaced non-uniformly to based on Laplacian PAS.
4.1.4.2 Correlation of large-scale parameters between links
In the generic WINNER model, large-scale parameters give a higher-level characterization of the
propagation channel. These parameters are treated as random variables on a channel segment basis. They
are randomized in a first step – and only there-after - are the detailed parameters of the channel model
being randomized using these large-scale parameters as input.
The following large-scale parameters may be considered (currently only the first 6 are actually used)
1. Delay-spread
2. AoD angle-spread
3. AoA angle-spread
4. Shadow fading
5. AoD elevation spread.
6. AoA elevation spread.
7. Cross polarisation ratio 1.
8. Cross polarisation ratio 2.
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