Final report on link level and system level channel models - Winner

WINNER D5.4 v. 1.4
where γ is defined as the angle between the direction of interest and the boresight of the antenna. The
γ
3dB is the 3dB beamwidth in degrees, and A m is the maximum attenuation. For a 3 sector scenario γ
3dB
is 70 degrees, A m = 20dB. However, other antenna patterns can also be used, if needed.
3.1.5 Path-loss models
Path-loss models at 5 GHz for considered scenarios have been developed based on measurement results
or from literature. The developed path models are presented in Table 3.12 including the shadow fading
values. The path-loss models have the form as in (3.21), where d is the distance between transmitter and
receiver, the fitting parameter A includes the path-loss exponent parameter and parameter B is the
intercept.
( d ) B
PL = Alog +
(3.19)
Table 3.12: Path-loss models.
Scenario path loss [dB] shadow
fading
standard
dev.
applicability
range
A1
B1
B3
LOS 18.7 log 10 (d[m]) + 46.8 σ = 3.1 dB 3 m < d < 100 m
NLOS 36.8 log 10 (d[m]) + 38.8 σ = 3.5 dB 3 m < d < 100 m
LOS 22.7 log 10 (d[m])+41.0 σ = 2.3dB 10 m < d < 650 m
NLOS 0.096 d 1 [m] + 65 +
σ = 3.1dB 10 m < d 1 < 550 m
(28 – 0.024d 1 [m]) log 10 (d 2 [m])
w/2 < d 2 < 450 m *)
LOS 13.4 log 10 (d[m]) + 36.9 s = 1.4 dB 5 m < d < 29 m
NLOS 3.2 log 10 (d[m]) + 55.5 s = 2.1 dB 5 m < d < 29 m
C1
s = 4.0 dB
LOS 23.8 log 10 (d) + 41.6
23.8 log 10 (d BP ) ****) +)
40.0 log 10 (d/d BP ) + 41.6 + s = 6.0 dB,
30 m < d < d BP
d BP < d < 5 km
NLOS 40.2 log 10 (d[m]) + 27.7 **) σ = 8 dB 50 m < d < 5 km
C2 NLOS 35.0 log 10 (d[m]) +38.4 ***) σ = 8 dB 50 m < d < 5 km
D1
σ = 3.5dB
LOS 21.5 log 10 (d[m]) + 44.6
21.5 log 10 (d BP ) ****) +)
40.0 log 10 (d/d BP ) + 44.6 + σ = 6.0dB
30 m < d < d BP
d BP < d < 10 km
NLOS 25.1 log 10 (d[m]) + 55.8 σ = 8.0dB 30 m < d < 10 km
*)
w is LOS street width, d 1 is distance along main street, d 2 is distance along perpendicular street.
**) Validity beyond 1 km not confirmed by measurement data.
***)
Validity beyond 2 kms not confirmed by measurement data.
****)
d BP is the break-point distance: d BP = 4 h BS h MS / ?, where h BS is antenna height at BS, h MS is
antenna height at MS, and ? is the wavelength. Validity beyond d BP not confirmed by measurement
data.
+)
BS antenna heights in the measurements: C1 LOS: 11.7 m, D1: 19 – 25 m.
3.1.6 Probability of line of sight
System level simulations require the probability of line of sight for considered scenarios A1, B1, B3, C1,
C2, and D1. They are given as follows:
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