WINNER D5.4 v. 1.4 1. Introducti<strong>on</strong> WINNER project is aiming at a Bey<strong>on</strong>d-3G (B3G) radio <strong>system</strong> using a frequency b<strong>and</strong>width of 100 MHz for <strong>on</strong>e radio c<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> a radio frequency lying most probably somewhere between 2 <strong>and</strong> 6 GHz in spectrum. The research c<strong>on</strong>cerning the suitability of certain communicati<strong>on</strong> parameters, like modulati<strong>on</strong>, coding, symbol rate, MIMO antenna utilisati<strong>on</strong> etc., is performed through extensive simulati<strong>on</strong>s. The simulati<strong>on</strong> results depend str<strong>on</strong>gly <strong>on</strong> the radio <strong>channel</strong>. Hence, the radio <strong>channel</strong> is a crucial part of the simulati<strong>on</strong>. On <strong>on</strong>e h<strong>and</strong>, it is very important to use a very accurate <strong>and</strong> realistic <strong>channel</strong> model in the simulati<strong>on</strong> to enable reliable simulati<strong>on</strong> results. On the other h<strong>and</strong>, the complexity of the simulati<strong>on</strong> should be kept low. Therefore, the research challenge is to create a <strong>channel</strong> model which is realistic enough <strong>and</strong> simple. WINNER Work Package 5 (WP5) is focused <strong>on</strong> multi-dimensi<strong>on</strong>al radio <strong>channel</strong> modelling. Totally six partners are involved in WP5, namely Elektrobit (EBIT, in year 2004, <strong>and</strong> Elektrobit Testing EBITT in year 2005), Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), Nokia (NOK), Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm (KTH), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), <strong>and</strong> Technical University of Ilmenau (TUI). Up to now, the situati<strong>on</strong> is such that there are no widely accepted <strong>channel</strong> <strong>models</strong> available which are suitable for WINNER <strong>system</strong> parameters. Therefore, WINNER WP5 has to create new <strong>channel</strong> <strong>models</strong> needed in the project. For the initial purposes, WP5 selected <strong>and</strong> recommended two existing <strong>channel</strong> <strong>models</strong>, which are called initial <strong>channel</strong> <strong>models</strong> [D5.1]. The <strong>models</strong> are 3GPP/3GPP2 Spatial Channel Model (SCM) [3GPP SCM] for outdoor simulati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>and</strong> IEEE 802.11n MIMO model [802.11n] for indoor simulati<strong>on</strong>s. Because the SCM model was not suitable for WINNER simulati<strong>on</strong>s as such, WP5 performed some modificati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>and</strong> implemented the extended SCM model (SCME) [SCME]. However, in spite of these modificati<strong>on</strong>s, the initial <strong>channel</strong> <strong>models</strong> were not good enough for the advanced simulati<strong>on</strong>s. C<strong>on</strong>sequently new WINNER <strong>models</strong> are needed. The WINNER <strong>channel</strong> <strong>models</strong> were implemented in two steps. In the first step, <strong>channel</strong> <strong>models</strong> for the most urgently needed propagati<strong>on</strong> scenarios with a limited number of parameters were created. Propagati<strong>on</strong> scenario means here the propagati<strong>on</strong> envir<strong>on</strong>ment <strong>and</strong> certain propagati<strong>on</strong> related parameters specified to meaningful values. The main difference between different propagati<strong>on</strong> scenarios exists due to the diverse envir<strong>on</strong>ments. Channel model parameters were defined for five propagati<strong>on</strong> scenarios (prioritised scenarios) according to [D7.2], namely indoor small office (A1), urban micro-cell (B1), stati<strong>on</strong>ary feeder (B5), urban macro-cell (C2), <strong>and</strong> rural macro-cell (D1). These <strong>models</strong> are described in the deliverable D5.3 [D5.3]. In the sec<strong>on</strong>d step the <strong>channel</strong> <strong>models</strong> were upgraded so that more parameters are included in the <strong>models</strong>. Two more scenarios – indoor (B3) <strong>and</strong> suburban (C1) – are also included based <strong>on</strong> the feedback from other work packages. The <strong>channel</strong> <strong>models</strong> created in the first step, <strong>and</strong> updated in the sec<strong>on</strong>d step, are described in this deliverable, D5.4. In this deliverable, we describe a generic <strong>channel</strong> model framework that is subsequently used as a basis for the <strong>channel</strong> <strong>models</strong> of all scenarios, except B5. Furthermore, we present clustered delay line (CDL) <strong>models</strong> for calibrati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> comparis<strong>on</strong> simulati<strong>on</strong>s. The generic modelling approach allows the creati<strong>on</strong> of virtually unlimited double directi<strong>on</strong>al radio <strong>channel</strong> realizati<strong>on</strong>s. The generic <strong>channel</strong> model is a raybased multi-<strong>link</strong> model that is antenna independent, scalable <strong>and</strong> capable of modelling <strong>channel</strong>s for MIMO c<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong>s. The <strong>models</strong> are based <strong>on</strong> the existing literature <strong>and</strong> the parameters extracted from eleven measurement campaigns performed by the WP5. The selecti<strong>on</strong> of the model parameters is based both <strong>on</strong> the measurements <strong>and</strong> informati<strong>on</strong> found in the literature. The measurements were performed by five partners, namely EBIT/EBITT, HUT, KTH, NOK, <strong>and</strong> TUI. Different <strong>channel</strong> sounders, most of them capable of measurements at 2 <strong>and</strong> 5 GHz frequency ranges <strong>and</strong> 100 MHz b<strong>and</strong>width, were used. Measurement results were analyzed using beam-forming <strong>and</strong> super-resoluti<strong>on</strong> methods. The analyzed items, e.g. path loss, shadow fading characteristics, power delay profiles, delay spreads, angle-spreads, <strong>and</strong> cross-polarisati<strong>on</strong> ratio (XPR), were analyzed for the scenarios of interest. In WP5 <strong>on</strong>e activity has been the implementati<strong>on</strong> of the 3GPP/3GPP2 SCM <strong>channel</strong> model. The model was implemented in software by the WP5. Later, its extensi<strong>on</strong> to 5 GHz frequency range <strong>and</strong> 100 MHz b<strong>and</strong>width [SCME] was implemented. The extensi<strong>on</strong> work has been published in [BGS+05]. We have compiled a set of requirements from various documents, specifically the WP2 Channel Model Requirements, the WP5 Deliverable D5.2 [D5.2], WP7 deliverable D7.2 [D7.2], <strong>and</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>report</str<strong>on</strong>g>ed shortcomings of the <strong>channel</strong> <strong>models</strong> selected for initial usage [D5.1]. The main requirements are proper characterisati<strong>on</strong> of spatial properties for MIMO support, large set of possible <strong>channel</strong>s as well as some limited r<strong>and</strong>omness <strong>channel</strong>s, c<strong>on</strong>sistency in time, frequency <strong>and</strong> space, e.g. inherent <strong>link</strong> between angle spectrum <strong>and</strong> Doppler spectrum, time-variability of bulk parameters, <strong>and</strong> extended polarisati<strong>on</strong> support. The document is organized in a way to provide best readability. Its overall c<strong>on</strong>tent is divided into 2 major parts. The first part is relatively short <strong>and</strong> c<strong>on</strong>tains the core informati<strong>on</strong> provided in this deliverable. Part I begins with an introducti<strong>on</strong>, background informati<strong>on</strong> c<strong>on</strong>cerning our approach, <strong>and</strong> the requirements <strong>on</strong> Page 12 (167)
WINNER D5.4 v. 1.4 the <strong>models</strong> defined within the WINNER project. It is followed by related scenario definiti<strong>on</strong>s. The major <strong>and</strong> last chapter of part I c<strong>on</strong>tains the brief but comprehensive definiti<strong>on</strong> of the <strong>channel</strong> <strong>models</strong>. Part II provides more elaborate background informati<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> model development. It c<strong>on</strong>tains detailed discussi<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> our modelling approach, the underlying data of our <strong>models</strong> (measurements <strong>and</strong> literature review), <strong>and</strong> the interpretati<strong>on</strong> thereof. Two more chapters are dedicated to the <strong>channel</strong> model implementati<strong>on</strong>, <strong>and</strong> the test <strong>and</strong> verificati<strong>on</strong> of the model. The document ends with references <strong>and</strong> further, so far unused results of this project. Page 13 (167)
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