Final report on link level and system level channel models - Winner

WINNER D5.4 v. 1.4
houses surrounded by gardens or small yards. There are open areas between buildings, such as
playgrounds, parks or small forest areas. Base station height during the measurements was ~20…25
meters, which is well above the surrounding buildings, and at the height of the tallest nearby trees. MS
height on top of a van was ~2 meters. Only close to BS there were clear unobstructed line-of-sight (LOS)
areas, and further away MS-BS connection was obstructed mainly by trees. Deep non-line-of-sight
(NLOS) propagation conditions were achieved at long MS-BS distances.
Two different BS sites, one of them with two sectors, were chosen, so altogether data from three different
BS sectors were collected for data analysis during different measurement runs. Maximum measured BS-
MS distances were ~1100 meters, and individual route length varied between 100…900 meters. More
detailed descriptions on measurements can be found in [RKJ05].
The path-loss model for suburban macrocellular environment obtained from WINNER measurements
reads as
PL = A + 10 n log10 ( d )
(5.39)
with n = 4.02, and A = 27.7. It is valid in distance ranges 50…1000 meters. Similar PL exponent values
for flat macrocellular suburban environment with moderate of high tree density have <strong>report</strong>ed in
[EGT+99] around 2 GHz centre-frequency, and PL exponent values around 2.0-3.3 for LOS and 3.5-5.9
for NLOS can be found in [SG00], and [DRX98]. However, in some of these cases the BS height, which
is known to have effect on the PL behaviour, is lower than in our measurements. In our WINNER
measurement we found the shadow fading component is log-normally distributed with standard deviation
of 6.1 dB.
COST231-Hata path-loss model [Cost231] for suburban macrocells is written as
d
PL = ( 44.9 − 6.55log
10
( hBS
)) log
10
( ) + 45.5 + (35.46 −1.1h
MS
) log
10
( f
c
) −13.82 log
10
( hBS
) + 0. 7h
1000
(5.40)
In above all the distances and heights are given in meters, and centre-frequency fc is given in MHz. With
h BS = 20 m, h MS = 2 m, and f c = 2000 MHz the model becomes
PL = 29.6
+ 36.4 log
10
( d )
(5.41)
Path loss difference due to theoretical free-space propagation is 20*log 10 (5.3/2) = 8.5 dB. In the following
figure 2 GHz COST231-Hata model with free-space path-loss correction and suburban macrocellular
path-loss model obtained from WINNER measurements are shown. We see the difference between
measurements and COST231 model is small.
MS
Figure 5.86: Comparison of COST231-Hata model with free-space correction and path loss
obtained from suburban macrocellular PL measurements in Helsinki. The measurement curve is
shown only up to 1 km, which was the maximum measured range. COST231-Hata model is defined
for distances greater than 1000 m.
5.5.4.4 RMS delay spread
Delay spreads around 2 GHz centre-frequency and 5 MHz bandwidth have been <strong>report</strong>ed in [AlPM02].
For suburban environment with BS height of 12 meters and no direct LOS between MS and BS <strong>report</strong>ed
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