Behavioural Surveillance Surveys - The Wisdom of Whores
Behavioural Surveillance Surveys - The Wisdom of Whores Behavioural Surveillance Surveys - The Wisdom of Whores
9. Indicators A key question in behavioral data collection is : what to measure ? There are many things to consider when choosing indicators. Obviously, they have to measure behaviors which are relevant to the spread of HIV, and which national program efforts are trying to change. They should be able to register change over time in a way that is easy to interpret. While they must meet local needs, they should to the extent possible conform to internationally agreed standards, so that progress can be compared not only over time, but between populations. Chapter 9 defines key indicators for each population sub-group, developed in conjunction with the United Nations Joint Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the World Health Organization (WHO) and others. It describes how they can be constructed from the questionnaires included in these guidelines, and discusses the strengths and limitations of each. This section will help policy-makers pick indicators most appropriate to their needs, and guide data analysts in the formulation of those indicators. 10. Annexes The annexes include other useful items such as standardized questionnaires, fieldwork forms and examples of interviewer guidelines. The annexes also contain detailed descriptions of the sampling process used in many different settings to date. Keeping up to date The methods in these guidelines have been widely used, and with great success. While every effort is made to maintain consistency over time, these methods do not stand still. As they become even more widely used, new lessons will be learned and improvements will inevitably be made. The latest versions of the materials in these guidelines can always be downloaded from the internet at: http://www.fhi.org. Acknowledgments Contributions to these guidelines have been made by the following individuals (presented in alphabetical order) : Joseph Amon, Tim Brown, Jan Hogle, Joan MacNeil, Robert Magnani, Stephen Mills, Elizabeth Pisani, Thomas Rehle, Tobi Saidel, and Christine Kolars Sow. We wish to thank the following individuals who helped review the guidelines and field test the methodology : Jeanine Buzy Bardon, Somnath Basu, Tony Bennett, Ties Boerma, Sara Jane Bowsky, Txema Calleja, Michel Carael, Anindya Chatterjee, James Chin, Nick Crofts, Paul Deany, Philippe Girault, Pamina Gorbach, Don Des Jarlais, Delia Garcia, Carol Jenkins, Willi MacFarland, Stella Manoharan, Kishka O’Connor, Aaron Peak, Arunsiri Phothong, Ashok Row Kavi, Luke Samson, Ton Smits, William Stewart, Jerry Stimson, Danai Sundhagul, Jean Paul Tchupo, Sidhartha Man Tuladhar, Budi Utomo, Maxine Wedderburn, Gunter Weiller and Boonyaruk Winitthama. Special thanks are due to Elizabeth Pisani who edited major portions of the guidelines.
G UIDELINES FOR REPEATED BEHAVIORAL SURVEYS IN POPULATIONS AT RISK OF HIV Why behavioral surveillance? C H A P T E R 1 WHY BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE? ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ • Uses of behavioral surveillance • Different approaches to collecting behavioral data • Issues and limitations in behavioral data collection
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9. Indicators<br />
A key question in behavioral data collection<br />
is : what to measure ? <strong>The</strong>re are many things<br />
to consider when choosing indicators.<br />
Obviously, they have to measure behaviors<br />
which are relevant to the spread <strong>of</strong> HIV, and<br />
which national program efforts are trying to<br />
change. <strong>The</strong>y should be able to register<br />
change over time in a way that is easy to<br />
interpret. While they must meet local<br />
needs, they should to the extent possible<br />
conform to internationally agreed standards, so<br />
that progress can be compared not only over<br />
time, but between populations. Chapter 9<br />
defines key indicators for each population<br />
sub-group, developed in conjunction with the<br />
United Nations Joint Program on HIV/AIDS<br />
(UNAIDS), the World Health Organization<br />
(WHO) and others. It describes how they<br />
can be constructed from the questionnaires<br />
included in these guidelines, and discusses the<br />
strengths and limitations <strong>of</strong> each. This section<br />
will help policy-makers pick indicators most<br />
appropriate to their needs, and guide data<br />
analysts in the formulation <strong>of</strong> those indicators.<br />
10. Annexes<br />
<strong>The</strong> annexes include other useful items<br />
such as standardized questionnaires, fieldwork<br />
forms and examples <strong>of</strong> interviewer guidelines.<br />
<strong>The</strong> annexes also contain detailed descriptions<br />
<strong>of</strong> the sampling process used in many<br />
different settings to date.<br />
Keeping up to date<br />
<strong>The</strong> methods in these guidelines have<br />
been widely used, and with great success.<br />
While every effort is made to maintain<br />
consistency over time, these methods do not<br />
stand still. As they become even more<br />
widely used, new lessons will be learned<br />
and improvements will inevitably be made.<br />
<strong>The</strong> latest versions <strong>of</strong> the materials in these<br />
guidelines can always be downloaded from<br />
the internet at: http://www.fhi.org.<br />
Acknowledgments<br />
Contributions to these guidelines have<br />
been made by the following individuals<br />
(presented in alphabetical order) : Joseph<br />
Amon, Tim Brown, Jan Hogle, Joan MacNeil,<br />
Robert Magnani, Stephen Mills, Elizabeth<br />
Pisani, Thomas Rehle, Tobi Saidel, and<br />
Christine Kolars Sow.<br />
We wish to thank the following individuals<br />
who helped review the guidelines and field<br />
test the methodology : Jeanine Buzy Bardon,<br />
Somnath Basu, Tony Bennett, Ties Boerma,<br />
Sara Jane Bowsky, Txema Calleja, Michel Carael,<br />
Anindya Chatterjee, James Chin, Nick Cr<strong>of</strong>ts,<br />
Paul Deany, Philippe Girault, Pamina Gorbach,<br />
Don Des Jarlais, Delia Garcia, Carol Jenkins,<br />
Willi MacFarland, Stella Manoharan, Kishka<br />
O’Connor, Aaron Peak, Arunsiri Phothong,<br />
Ashok Row Kavi, Luke Samson, Ton Smits,<br />
William Stewart, Jerry Stimson, Danai Sundhagul,<br />
Jean Paul Tchupo, Sidhartha Man Tuladhar,<br />
Budi Utomo, Maxine Wedderburn, Gunter<br />
Weiller and Boonyaruk Winitthama.<br />
Special thanks are due to Elizabeth Pisani<br />
who edited major portions <strong>of</strong> the guidelines.
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