Behavioural Surveillance Surveys - The Wisdom of Whores

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Instructions for using form 1 - Cluster Selection Sheet (Probability Proportional to Size) Steps in the selection of a systematic-random sample of clusters with probability proportional to size (PPS) 1. Prepare a list of clusters with a corresponding measure of size for each; 2. Starting at the top of the list, calculate the cumulative measure of size and enter these figures in a column next to the measure of size for each unit; 3. Calculate the sampling interval (SI) by dividing the total cumulative measure of size (M) by the number of clusters to be selected (a) that is, SI = M/a; 4. Select a random number (RS) between 1 and (SI). Compare this number with the cumulated measure of size column. The unit within whose cumulated measure of size the number (RS) falls is the first sample unit; 5. Subsequent units are chosen by adding the sampling interval (SI) to the number identified in step (4); that is RS + SI, RS + 2SI, RS + 3SI, etc; 6. This procedure is followed until the list has been exhausted. Note : In selecting sample clusters, it is important that the decimal points in the sampling interval be retained. The rule to be followed is that when the decimal part of the sample selection number is less than 0.5, the lower numbered cluster is chosen, and when the decimal part of the sample selection number is 0.5 or greater, the higher numbered cluster is chosen. 338 A PPEN DI X 4 B EHAV I OR A L SURV EI L L A NC E S U R V EY S
Form I Cluster Selection Sheet (Probability Proportional to Size) Sub-Population ______________ Geographic Location ________________ Cluster Cluster Measure of Size Cumulative Sample Selection Mark the Number Name (target group Size Number Cluster Selected members) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total cunmulative measure of size (MOS) : Planned number of clusters : Sampling interval (Total MOS/Planned number of clusters) : Random Start (Random number between 1 and Sampling Interval) : Clusters Selected : B EHAV I OR A L S U R V EI L L A NC E SURV EY S APPEN DI X 4 339
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BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE SURVEYS GUI
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Family Health International (FHI) H
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Chapter 7 Analysis and interpretati
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3. Choosing populations for behavio
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G UIDELINES FOR REPEATED BEHAVIORAL
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Recognizing that HIV surveillance d
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Different approaches to collecting
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The principal rationale for focusin
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It is not possible to validate data
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GUIDELINES FOR REPEATED BEHAVIORAL
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The process of building partnership
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Funders of HIV prevention activitie
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What is to be measured ? Indicators
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Step 7 : Constructing a sampling fr
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Step 12 : Data collection and super
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choosing population groups GUIDELIN
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the spread of HIV. For this reason,
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In some circumstances, public healt
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The majority of sub-populations of
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In the end, the issue boils down to
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In looking at behaviors of hard-to-
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Maps derived from program planning
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Selecting primary sampling units (c
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...when measures of size are not av
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If there is no reason to believe th
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Figure 3 : Decision tree for first-
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Implications of alternative samplin
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Table 5 : Values of Z 1-α and Z 1-
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Table 6 : Sample size requirements
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equired. In this case, the pros and
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Should one- or two-tailed z-score v
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Other measurement issues for BSS Th
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A “low-tech” solution to the pr
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5 Weighting in multi-stage sampling
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Figure 6 : Procedures for calculati
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Calculating weights from sampling p
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Calculating standard errors with mu
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6 Adapting and using questionnaires
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Some attempts have in the past been
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Informed consent Confidentiality an
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Recommended Methods of Statistical
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where n is the sample size in the d
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Table 2 : Reported number of non-re
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False conclusions: the danger of co
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Analysis of trends in behavior over
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Changes in sampling methodology ove
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8 Using the data collected to impro
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Improving prevention programs As a
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Finally, information about HIV and
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Figure 9 : HIV and STD prevalence,
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9 Indicators This guide identifies
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The standard questionnaires are acc
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INDICATORS Page INDICATORS FOR YOUT
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INDICATORS Page INDICATORS FOR MEN
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KEY INDICATORS What follows is a fu
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The indicator uses promoted data. O
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To be counted the numerator for thi
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Strengths and limitations Some meas
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Adult Indicator 5 Consistent condom
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Adult Indicator 7 (men only) Number
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Adult Indicator 9 Consistent condom
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Adult Indicator 11 Population seeki
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Adult Indicator 12 Exposure to inte
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Youth Indicator 2 No incorrect beli
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Youth Indicator 4 Youth sexually ac
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Youth Indicator 6 Number of sexual
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Youth Indicator 8 Consistent condom
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Youth Indicator 10 Commercial sex a
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Youth Indicator 14 Exposure to inte
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Female Sex Worker Indicator 2 No in
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Female Sex Worker Indicator 5 Sex w
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Indicators for men who have sex wit
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Men Who Have Sex With Men Indicator
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Men who have sex with men Indicator
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Indicators for injecting drug users
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Injecting Drug User Indicator 3 Inj
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Injecting Drug User Indicator 8 Dru
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Injecting Drug User Indicator 10 Dr
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Suggested Reading Brown T, Sittitra
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Adult Target Grou
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The ADULT questionnaire includes th
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FHI 1999 HIV/AIDS/STD BEHAVIORAL SU
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POSSIBLE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Commu
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors No.
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors (co
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Unmarried Male An
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The YOUTH questionnaire includes th
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No. Questions and filters Coding ca
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Stigma and Discrimination No. Quest
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FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL (FHI) H
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors No.
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors (co
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Men Who Have Sex
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The MSM questionnaire includes the
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STD Treatment seeking behaviours No
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No. Questions and filters Coding ca
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Injecting Drug Us
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This questionnaire includes the fol
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EXAMPLE OF SUPERVISORS’ AND INTER
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A “take-all” approach is to be
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• To probe for additional informa
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Page 309 and 310: Q910 - Q912 : Knowledge of maternal
Page 311 and 312: in riskier behavior (i.e., not usin
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Page 315 and 316: 3 APPENDIX WORKING EXAMPLES OF SAMP
Page 317 and 318: For the purposes of the BSS, the ke
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Page 321 and 322: Notes: 1. It may not always be poss
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Page 325 and 326: In Figure 3, clusters were chosen b
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Page 329 and 330: Figure 4 : Example of targeted snow
Page 331 and 332: In some settings it may not be acce
Page 333 and 334: Figure 6 : Steps in using the segme
Page 335 and 336: Figure 9 : Map of hypothetical samp
Page 337 and 338: In-class sampling of school youth T
Page 339 and 340: Alternative to “in-class” sampl
Page 341 and 342: found at the various locations at d
Page 343 and 344: What should be done if, even after
Page 345: FIELDWORK FORMS The following set o
Page 349 and 350: Form 2 Cluster Selection Sheet (Equ
Page 351 and 352: Form 3 Assignment Information Sheet
Page 353 and 354: Form 4 Cluster Information Sheet Su
Page 355 and 356: TABLE OF CHI-SQUARE STATISTICS AND
Page 357 and 358: Step 2 : Calculate the expected num
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Behavioural Surveillance Surveys - The Wisdom of Whores

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