Behavioural Surveillance Surveys - The Wisdom of Whores
Behavioural Surveillance Surveys - The Wisdom of Whores Behavioural Surveillance Surveys - The Wisdom of Whores
Section 4 : Regular partners Q401. This question is a filter and requires the interviewer to look back at 304. If the respondent is married, or is living with someone with whom they have a sexual relationship, the questions in section 4 should be asked. If not, skip to section 5. Q402. Record the number of times the respondent states they have had sex with their last regular partner during the past 30 days. Here the question refers to the last occasion of sexual intercourse with a spouse, or live-in sexual partner. This question provides data for the AVERT model which calculates number of infections averted in response to interventions. You may have to probe to obtain accurate information. Q403. Again, this question applies to the last sexual intercourse with any regular partner (either a spouse or live-in partner). This question is worded differently depending on the sex of the respondent. For male respondents, you ask : “The last time you had sex with a regular partner, did you use a condom?” For female respondents, you ask : “The last time you had sex with a regular partner, did your partner use a condom?” This difference recognizes that females don’t technically “use” condoms. Record the answer in the boxes provided. Pay attention to skip patterns. If the respondent did not use a condom, skip to 405 and ask why. If the respondent answers DON’T KNOW or does not answer, skip to 406. Q403 is one of three key condom use indicators measured in this questionnaire : ever-use of condoms, condom use at last sex by partner type, and frequency of condom use by partner type. Q404. The purpose of this question is to determine who initiated use of condoms at the last use. This question will be skipped if 403 is anything other than “yes”. There is only one possible answer. Q405. If a condom was not used, as reported in 403, then you will ask the respondent why he didn’t use a condom, or why her partner didn’t use a condom. In this question, multiple answers are possible. During pretesting, determine if other categories might be appropriate and add them. Do not read out the answers. Simply mark 1 (YES) for each answer mentioned by the respondent. All other answers then automatically become “no” answers and should be marked as such. Make the circles carefully so that the answers are clear to the people who will be coding the interviews. Each category should be marked either “yes” or “no.” Q406. The purpose of this question is to assess frequency of condom use with the last regular partner on a four-point scale of “every time”, “most times”, “occasionally”, and “never”. The wording of the question is slightly different by gender, and both wordings appear in the questionnaires. If the respondent’s answer does not fit easily into one of the four categories, you may say, “would you say you used a condom with your last regular partner every time, most times, occasionally, or never?” Circle the response mentioned. 298 A PPEN DI X 2 B EHAV I OR A L SURV EI L L A NC E S U R V EY S
Section 5 : Non-regular partners Q501: This is a filter question requiring the interviewer to look back at 304 to determine if the respondent reports non-regular partners during the previous 12 months. If not, this section is skipped. Recall that the term “non-regular” is used to refer to any nonspousal or non-live-in partner, but excluding commercial partner’s who the respondent has had sex in exchange for cash. “Nonregular” would include casual partners and “girlfriends”/“boyfriends” and any other sexual partner(s) with whom money has not been exchanged. In this questionnaire, we are distinguishing between “commercial” and “non-commercial” relationships. In-kind gifts are not included as commercial exchanges. Q502-Q505 : These questions are similar to Q402-Q405 (see above). Q506 : This question is similar to Q406 (see previous section). Section 6 : Commercial sexual partners Q601: Again, this is a filter question requiring the interviewer to look back at Q304. Both males and females are asked if they have had sex with anyone in exchange for money. The utility of the definition of “commercial sexual partner” has to be determined locally based on the research team’s experience, qualitative research conducted with the target group in question, and the specific characteristics of the target group. Although some might question asking females about commercial partners, it is possible that a particular target group (say, for example, market women) may contain members who are exchanging sex for money, but who do not consider themselves “female sex workers” and who would not be interviewed using the FSW questionnaire. Details about commercial sexual transactions can thus be captured with this section without using the FSW instrument. Q602-Q605 : These questions are similar to Q402-Q405 and Q502-505 (see above). In 602, we are trying to get an idea of how many times the same commercial partner may be visited, which is why the question reads, “How many times did you have sex with your most recent commercial partner in the last 30 days?” Q606 : This question is similar to Q406 and Q506 (see above). In sections 5 (non-regular) and 6 (commercial), we did not ask if the respondent had discussed HIV, AIDS, or STDs with any of these kinds of partners. Part of the reason for this choice had to do with the length of these questionnaires and prioritizing inclusion of questions. In addition, we felt that communication about HIV and STD risk was least likely among regular partners and therefore this might be the most appropriate section in which to include this question. Over time, increases in this indicator between regular partners (a larger proportion of the samples will report regular partners) will suggest evolving social norms about communicating risk and prevention. B EHAV I OR A L S U R V EI L L A NC E SURV EY S APPEN DI X 2 299
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Section 4 : Regular partners<br />
Q401. This question is a filter and requires<br />
the interviewer to look back at 304. If the<br />
respondent is married, or is living with<br />
someone with whom they have a sexual<br />
relationship, the questions in section 4 should<br />
be asked. If not, skip to section 5.<br />
Q402. Record the number <strong>of</strong> times the<br />
respondent states they have had sex with their<br />
last regular partner during the past 30 days.<br />
Here the question refers to the last occasion<br />
<strong>of</strong> sexual intercourse with a spouse, or live-in<br />
sexual partner. This question provides data<br />
for the AVERT model which calculates number<br />
<strong>of</strong> infections averted in response to interventions.<br />
You may have to probe to obtain<br />
accurate information.<br />
Q403. Again, this question applies to<br />
the last sexual intercourse with any regular<br />
partner (either a spouse or live-in partner).<br />
This question is worded differently depending<br />
on the sex <strong>of</strong> the respondent. For male<br />
respondents, you ask : “<strong>The</strong> last time you had<br />
sex with a regular partner, did you use a<br />
condom?” For female respondents, you ask :<br />
“<strong>The</strong> last time you had sex with a regular<br />
partner, did your partner use a condom?”<br />
This difference recognizes that females don’t<br />
technically “use” condoms. Record the answer<br />
in the boxes provided. Pay attention to skip<br />
patterns. If the respondent did not use a<br />
condom, skip to 405 and ask why. If the<br />
respondent answers DON’T KNOW or does<br />
not answer, skip to 406. Q403 is one <strong>of</strong> three<br />
key condom use indicators measured in this<br />
questionnaire : ever-use <strong>of</strong> condoms, condom<br />
use at last sex by partner type, and frequency<br />
<strong>of</strong> condom use by partner type.<br />
Q404. <strong>The</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> this question is to<br />
determine who initiated use <strong>of</strong> condoms at the<br />
last use. This question will be skipped if 403<br />
is anything other than “yes”. <strong>The</strong>re is only<br />
one possible answer.<br />
Q405. If a condom was not used,<br />
as reported in 403, then you will ask the<br />
respondent why he didn’t use a condom,<br />
or why her partner didn’t use a condom.<br />
In this question, multiple answers are possible.<br />
During pretesting, determine if other categories<br />
might be appropriate and add them. Do not<br />
read out the answers. Simply mark 1 (YES)<br />
for each answer mentioned by the respondent.<br />
All other answers then automatically become<br />
“no” answers and should be marked as such.<br />
Make the circles carefully so that the answers<br />
are clear to the people who will be coding the<br />
interviews. Each category should be marked<br />
either “yes” or “no.”<br />
Q406. <strong>The</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> this question is<br />
to assess frequency <strong>of</strong> condom use with the<br />
last regular partner on a four-point scale <strong>of</strong><br />
“every time”, “most times”, “occasionally”,<br />
and “never”. <strong>The</strong> wording <strong>of</strong> the question is<br />
slightly different by gender, and both wordings<br />
appear in the questionnaires. If the respondent’s<br />
answer does not fit easily into one <strong>of</strong> the four<br />
categories, you may say, “would you say you<br />
used a condom with your last regular partner<br />
every time, most times, occasionally, or never?”<br />
Circle the response mentioned.<br />
298<br />
A PPEN DI X 2 B EHAV I OR A L SURV EI L L A NC E S U R V EY S