Behavioural Surveillance Surveys - The Wisdom of Whores

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FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL (FHI) HIV/AIDS/STD BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE SURVEYS (BSS) FOR USE WITH INJECTING DRUG USERS (IDUs) TITLE OF SURVEY - COUNTRY - YEAR CONDUCTED 001 QUESTIONNAIRE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER |___|___|___| 002 CITY______________________ (provide locally appropriate categories) 003 REGION___________________ (provide locally appropriate categories) 004 SITE______________________ (provide locally appropriate categories) Introduction : “My name is... I’m working for... We’re interviewing people here in [name of city, region or site] in order to find out about... [describe purpose of study]. Have you been interviewed in the past few weeks [or other appropriate time period] for this study? IF THE RESPONDENT HAS BEEN INTERVIEWED BEFORE DURING THIS ROUND OF BSS, DO NOT INTERVIEW THIS PERSON AGAIN. Tell them you cannot interview them a second time, thank them, and end the interview. If they have not been interviewed before, then verify that the respondent is an injecting drug user: This questionnaire is ONLY to be administered to people who are known to be injecting drug users (IDUs). If you do not know in advance, you must ask “have you injected drugs within the past month?” You may need to probe that these drugs are non-medical, illegal, or addictive drugs in an appropriate local context. If yes, continue with the questionnaire ; if no, end the interview. Confidentiality and consent : “I’m going to ask you some very personal questions that some people find difficult to answer. Your answers are completely confidential. Your name will not be written on this form, and will never be used in connection with any of the information you tell me. You do not have to answer any questions that you do not want to answer, and you may end this interview at any time you want to. However, your honest answers to these questions will help us better understand what people think, say and do about certain kinds of behaviors. We would greatly appreciate your help in responding to this survey. The survey will take about XX minutes to ask the questions. Would you be willing to participate? Interviewer visit Date Interviewer Result (Signature of interviewer certifying that informed consent has been given verbally by respondent) Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 3 Result codes : Completed 1; Respondent not available 2; Refused 3; Partially completed 4; Other 5. 005 INTERVIEWER : Code [____|____] Name__________________________ 006 DATE INTERVIEW : __\ ____ \ _____ CHECKED BY SUPERVISOR : Signature ____________________ Date ___________ B EHAV I OR A L S U R V EI L L A NC E SURV EY S APPEN DI X 1 259
This questionnaire includes the following sections: Section 0 - Questionnaire identification data Section 1 - Background characteristics Section 2 - Drug use Section 3 - Needle and sharing behaviors Section 4 - Marriage and live-in partnerships Section 5 - Sexual history: numbers and types of partners Section 6 - Sexual history: regular partners Section 7 - Sexual history: Commercial partners Section 8 - Sexual history: non-regular partners Section 9 - Male condoms Section 10 - STDs Section 11 - Knowledge, opinions, and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS Section 12 - Exposure to prevention TOTAL NUMBER OF QUESTIONS : 11 questions 5 questions 20 questions 3 questions 4 questions 6 questions 7 questions 6 questions 6 questions 5 questions 18 questions (variable) 91 questions 260 A PPEN DI X 1 B EHAV I OR A L SURV EI L L A NC E S U R V EY S
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BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE SURVEYS GUI
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Family Health International (FHI) H
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Chapter 7 Analysis and interpretati
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3. Choosing populations for behavio
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G UIDELINES FOR REPEATED BEHAVIORAL
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Recognizing that HIV surveillance d
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Different approaches to collecting
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The principal rationale for focusin
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It is not possible to validate data
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GUIDELINES FOR REPEATED BEHAVIORAL
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The process of building partnership
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Funders of HIV prevention activitie
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What is to be measured ? Indicators
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Step 7 : Constructing a sampling fr
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Step 12 : Data collection and super
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choosing population groups GUIDELIN
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the spread of HIV. For this reason,
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In some circumstances, public healt
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The majority of sub-populations of
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In the end, the issue boils down to
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In looking at behaviors of hard-to-
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Maps derived from program planning
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Selecting primary sampling units (c
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...when measures of size are not av
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If there is no reason to believe th
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Figure 3 : Decision tree for first-
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Implications of alternative samplin
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Table 5 : Values of Z 1-α and Z 1-
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Table 6 : Sample size requirements
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equired. In this case, the pros and
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Should one- or two-tailed z-score v
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Other measurement issues for BSS Th
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A “low-tech” solution to the pr
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5 Weighting in multi-stage sampling
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Figure 6 : Procedures for calculati
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Calculating weights from sampling p
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Calculating standard errors with mu
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6 Adapting and using questionnaires
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Some attempts have in the past been
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Informed consent Confidentiality an
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Recommended Methods of Statistical
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where n is the sample size in the d
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Table 2 : Reported number of non-re
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False conclusions: the danger of co
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Analysis of trends in behavior over
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Changes in sampling methodology ove
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8 Using the data collected to impro
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Improving prevention programs As a
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Finally, information about HIV and
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Figure 9 : HIV and STD prevalence,
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9 Indicators This guide identifies
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The standard questionnaires are acc
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INDICATORS Page INDICATORS FOR YOUT
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INDICATORS Page INDICATORS FOR MEN
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KEY INDICATORS What follows is a fu
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The indicator uses promoted data. O
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To be counted the numerator for thi
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Strengths and limitations Some meas
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Adult Indicator 5 Consistent condom
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Adult Indicator 7 (men only) Number
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Adult Indicator 9 Consistent condom
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Adult Indicator 11 Population seeki
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Adult Indicator 12 Exposure to inte
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Youth Indicator 2 No incorrect beli
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Youth Indicator 4 Youth sexually ac
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Youth Indicator 6 Number of sexual
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Youth Indicator 8 Consistent condom
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Youth Indicator 10 Commercial sex a
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Youth Indicator 14 Exposure to inte
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Female Sex Worker Indicator 2 No in
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Female Sex Worker Indicator 5 Sex w
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Indicators for men who have sex wit
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Men Who Have Sex With Men Indicator
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Men who have sex with men Indicator
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Indicators for injecting drug users
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Injecting Drug User Indicator 3 Inj
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Injecting Drug User Indicator 8 Dru
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Injecting Drug User Indicator 10 Dr
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Suggested Reading Brown T, Sittitra
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Adult Target Grou
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The ADULT questionnaire includes th
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FHI 1999 HIV/AIDS/STD BEHAVIORAL SU
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POSSIBLE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Commu
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors No.
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors (co
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Unmarried Male An
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The YOUTH questionnaire includes th
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Page 213 and 214: POSSIBLE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Commu
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3 APPENDIX WORKING EXAMPLES OF SAMP
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For the purposes of the BSS, the ke
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The second stage sampling procedure
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Notes: 1. It may not always be poss
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The information from the mapping ex
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In Figure 3, clusters were chosen b
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Fieldwork assignments when the “t
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Figure 4 : Example of targeted snow
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In some settings it may not be acce
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Figure 6 : Steps in using the segme
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Figure 9 : Map of hypothetical samp
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In-class sampling of school youth T
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Alternative to “in-class” sampl
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found at the various locations at d
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What should be done if, even after
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FIELDWORK FORMS The following set o
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Form I Cluster Selection Sheet (Pro
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Form 2 Cluster Selection Sheet (Equ
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Form 3 Assignment Information Sheet
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Form 4 Cluster Information Sheet Su
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TABLE OF CHI-SQUARE STATISTICS AND
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Step 2 : Calculate the expected num
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