Behavioural Surveillance Surveys - The Wisdom of Whores

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INDICATORS Page INDICATORS FOR INJECTING DRUG USERS Indicator 1 Knowledge of HIV prevention 145 Indicator 2 No incorrect beliefs about AIDS transmission 146 Indicator 3 Injecting equipment sharing at last injection 147 Indicator 4 Injecting drug users never sharing equipment in the last month 149 Indicator 5 Injecting drug users sharing in high equipment sharing situations 150 Indicator 6 Injecting drug users with access to sterile needles 151 Indicator 7 Injecting drug users selling sex 152 Indicator 8 Drug injectors using condoms the last time they sold sex 153 Indicator 9 Drug injectors using condoms at last sex with 154 a non-regular partner Indicator 10 Drug injectors using condoms at last sex with a regular partner 155 Indicator 11 Drug injectors seeking voluntary HIV tests 156 Indicator 12 Exposure to interventions 156 100 C H A PTER 9 B EHAV I OR A L S U R V EI L L A NC E S U R V EY S
KEY INDICATORS What follows is a full description of each of the indicators, arranged according to the appropriate respondent group. The first grouping (indicators for adult men and women) are intended for use with men and women who are identified as belonging to occupational groups or sub-populations other than sex workers, drug users or men who have sex with men (although there may of course be some overlap between groups). Each indicator, along with its denominator and its numerator, is defined. The relevant questionnaires and question numbers which yield the information are listed. The purpose and interpretation of the indicator is given, along with its strengths and limitations. Indicators that are also included in the MEASURE Evaluation/UNAIDS Guide to the Monitoring and Evaluation of National AIDS Programs are also labeled with the number given to them in that guide. In this section of the document, the following acronyms are used: MSM : men who have sex with men IDU : injecting drug user FSW : female sex worker B EHAV I OR A L S U R V EI L L A NC E SURV EY S CHAPTER 9 101
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BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE SURVEYS GUI
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Family Health International (FHI) H
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Chapter 7 Analysis and interpretati
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3. Choosing populations for behavio
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G UIDELINES FOR REPEATED BEHAVIORAL
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Recognizing that HIV surveillance d
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Different approaches to collecting
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The principal rationale for focusin
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It is not possible to validate data
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GUIDELINES FOR REPEATED BEHAVIORAL
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The process of building partnership
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Funders of HIV prevention activitie
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What is to be measured ? Indicators
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Step 7 : Constructing a sampling fr
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Step 12 : Data collection and super
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choosing population groups GUIDELIN
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the spread of HIV. For this reason,
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In some circumstances, public healt
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GUIDELINES FOR REPEATED BEHAVIORAL
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The majority of sub-populations of
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In the end, the issue boils down to
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In looking at behaviors of hard-to-
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Maps derived from program planning
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Selecting primary sampling units (c
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...when measures of size are not av
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If there is no reason to believe th
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Figure 3 : Decision tree for first-
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Implications of alternative samplin
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Table 5 : Values of Z 1-α and Z 1-
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Table 6 : Sample size requirements
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Page 65 and 66: Other measurement issues for BSS Th
Page 67 and 68: A “low-tech” solution to the pr
Page 69 and 70: 5 Weighting in multi-stage sampling
Page 71 and 72: Figure 6 : Procedures for calculati
Page 73 and 74: Calculating weights from sampling p
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Page 81 and 82: Informed consent Confidentiality an
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Page 85 and 86: Recommended Methods of Statistical
Page 87 and 88: where n is the sample size in the d
Page 89 and 90: Table 2 : Reported number of non-re
Page 91 and 92: False conclusions: the danger of co
Page 93 and 94: Analysis of trends in behavior over
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Page 97 and 98: 8 Using the data collected to impro
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Page 101 and 102: Finally, information about HIV and
Page 103 and 104: Figure 9 : HIV and STD prevalence,
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Page 111: INDICATORS Page INDICATORS FOR MEN
Page 115 and 116: The indicator uses promoted data. O
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Page 119 and 120: Strengths and limitations Some meas
Page 121 and 122: Adult Indicator 5 Consistent condom
Page 123 and 124: Adult Indicator 7 (men only) Number
Page 125 and 126: Adult Indicator 9 Consistent condom
Page 127 and 128: Adult Indicator 11 Population seeki
Page 129 and 130: Adult Indicator 12 Exposure to inte
Page 131 and 132: Youth Indicator 2 No incorrect beli
Page 133 and 134: Youth Indicator 4 Youth sexually ac
Page 135 and 136: Youth Indicator 6 Number of sexual
Page 137 and 138: Youth Indicator 8 Consistent condom
Page 139 and 140: Youth Indicator 10 Commercial sex a
Page 141 and 142: Youth Indicator 14 Exposure to inte
Page 143 and 144: Female Sex Worker Indicator 2 No in
Page 145 and 146: Female Sex Worker Indicator 5 Sex w
Page 147 and 148: Indicators for men who have sex wit
Page 149 and 150: Men Who Have Sex With Men Indicator
Page 151 and 152: Men who have sex with men Indicator
Page 157 and 158: Indicators for injecting drug users
Page 159 and 160: Injecting Drug User Indicator 3 Inj
Page 161 and 162: Injecting Drug User Indicator 4 Inj
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Injecting Drug User Indicator 6 Inj
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Injecting Drug User Indicator 8 Dru
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Injecting Drug User Indicator 10 Dr
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Suggested Reading Brown T, Sittitra
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Adult Target Grou
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The ADULT questionnaire includes th
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FHI 1999 HIV/AIDS/STD BEHAVIORAL SU
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POSSIBLE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Commu
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors No.
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors (co
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Unmarried Male An
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The YOUTH questionnaire includes th
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No. Questions and filters Coding ca
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Stigma and Discrimination No. Quest
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FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL (FHI) H
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors No.
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors (co
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Men Who Have Sex
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The MSM questionnaire includes the
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STD Treatment seeking behaviours No
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No. Questions and filters Coding ca
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Injecting Drug Us
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This questionnaire includes the fol
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EXAMPLE OF SUPERVISORS’ AND INTER
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A “take-all” approach is to be
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• To probe for additional informa
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Part B: How to use the Long Distanc
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An example of a question for which
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Part C: Section-by-section review o
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Q109. If the respondent says he/she
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it is asking if the respondent has
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Section 5 : Non-regular partners Q5
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Q706 : This question determines the
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Q910 - Q912 : Knowledge of maternal
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in riskier behavior (i.e., not usin
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Section 5 : Non-paying partners Que
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3 APPENDIX WORKING EXAMPLES OF SAMP
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For the purposes of the BSS, the ke
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The second stage sampling procedure
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Notes: 1. It may not always be poss
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The information from the mapping ex
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In Figure 3, clusters were chosen b
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Fieldwork assignments when the “t
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Figure 4 : Example of targeted snow
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In some settings it may not be acce
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Figure 6 : Steps in using the segme
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Figure 9 : Map of hypothetical samp
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In-class sampling of school youth T
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Alternative to “in-class” sampl
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found at the various locations at d
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What should be done if, even after
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FIELDWORK FORMS The following set o
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Form I Cluster Selection Sheet (Pro
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Form 2 Cluster Selection Sheet (Equ
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Form 3 Assignment Information Sheet
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Form 4 Cluster Information Sheet Su
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TABLE OF CHI-SQUARE STATISTICS AND
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Step 2 : Calculate the expected num
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Behavioural Surveillance Surveys - The Wisdom of Whores

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