Behavioural Surveillance Surveys - The Wisdom of Whores

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GUIDELINES FOR REPEATED BEHAVIORAL SURVEYS IN POPULATIONS AT RISK OF HIV C H A P T E R 9 INDICATORS ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Indicators
9 Indicators This guide identifies a set of indicators and methods for measuring them to be used at the national level. These indicators define aspects of behavior that are key to the spread of HIV, behaviors that HIV prevention programs generally try to change. They provide a way to track changes in those behaviors over time. They also provide a convenient way to compare levels of risk behavior between different population groups, so that decisions can be made about the efficient allocation of prevention resources. Over the last few years, a great deal of work has been put in to developing standardized indicators for HIV-related risk behavior. Standardization is important to ensure comparability over time and between population groups. FHI, publishers of these guidelines, have been actively involved together with a number of national and international partners in a global initiative to improve the monitoring and evaluation of national AIDS programs. An important part of this initiative has been to develop a minimum set of key indicators which national AIDS programs can use to monitor progress in achieving HIV prevention and care goals. These indicators are published in the MEASURE Evaluation / UNAIDS / WHO Guide to Monitoring and Evaluation of National AIDS Programs, which are available on the internet at http://www.unaids.org. The indicators in this chapter include all of the newly-agreed indicators in this minimum set which are relevant to prevention programs and can be measured using BSS methodology. The chapter also specifies a wider set of indicators which may be of particular interest to countries wanting more detailed information about HIV-related risk behaviors. B EHAV I OR A L S U R V EI L L A NC E SURV EY S CHAPTER 9 93
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BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE SURVEYS GUI
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Family Health International (FHI) H
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Chapter 7 Analysis and interpretati
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3. Choosing populations for behavio
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G UIDELINES FOR REPEATED BEHAVIORAL
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Recognizing that HIV surveillance d
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Different approaches to collecting
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The principal rationale for focusin
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It is not possible to validate data
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GUIDELINES FOR REPEATED BEHAVIORAL
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The process of building partnership
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Funders of HIV prevention activitie
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What is to be measured ? Indicators
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Step 7 : Constructing a sampling fr
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Step 12 : Data collection and super
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choosing population groups GUIDELIN
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the spread of HIV. For this reason,
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In some circumstances, public healt
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GUIDELINES FOR REPEATED BEHAVIORAL
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The majority of sub-populations of
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In the end, the issue boils down to
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In looking at behaviors of hard-to-
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Maps derived from program planning
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Selecting primary sampling units (c
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...when measures of size are not av
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If there is no reason to believe th
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Page 55 and 56: Implications of alternative samplin
Page 57 and 58: Table 5 : Values of Z 1-α and Z 1-
Page 59 and 60: Table 6 : Sample size requirements
Page 61 and 62: equired. In this case, the pros and
Page 63 and 64: Should one- or two-tailed z-score v
Page 65 and 66: Other measurement issues for BSS Th
Page 67 and 68: A “low-tech” solution to the pr
Page 69 and 70: 5 Weighting in multi-stage sampling
Page 71 and 72: Figure 6 : Procedures for calculati
Page 73 and 74: Calculating weights from sampling p
Page 75 and 76: Calculating standard errors with mu
Page 77 and 78: 6 Adapting and using questionnaires
Page 79 and 80: Some attempts have in the past been
Page 81 and 82: Informed consent Confidentiality an
Page 83 and 84: GUIDELINES FOR REPEATED BEHAVIORAL
Page 85 and 86: Recommended Methods of Statistical
Page 87 and 88: where n is the sample size in the d
Page 89 and 90: Table 2 : Reported number of non-re
Page 91 and 92: False conclusions: the danger of co
Page 93 and 94: Analysis of trends in behavior over
Page 95 and 96: Changes in sampling methodology ove
Page 97 and 98: 8 Using the data collected to impro
Page 99 and 100: Improving prevention programs As a
Page 101 and 102: Finally, information about HIV and
Page 103: Figure 9 : HIV and STD prevalence,
Page 107 and 108: The standard questionnaires are acc
Page 109 and 110: INDICATORS Page INDICATORS FOR YOUT
Page 111 and 112: INDICATORS Page INDICATORS FOR MEN
Page 113 and 114: KEY INDICATORS What follows is a fu
Page 115 and 116: The indicator uses promoted data. O
Page 117 and 118: To be counted the numerator for thi
Page 119 and 120: Strengths and limitations Some meas
Page 121 and 122: Adult Indicator 5 Consistent condom
Page 123 and 124: Adult Indicator 7 (men only) Number
Page 125 and 126: Adult Indicator 9 Consistent condom
Page 127 and 128: Adult Indicator 11 Population seeki
Page 129 and 130: Adult Indicator 12 Exposure to inte
Page 131 and 132: Youth Indicator 2 No incorrect beli
Page 133 and 134: Youth Indicator 4 Youth sexually ac
Page 135 and 136: Youth Indicator 6 Number of sexual
Page 137 and 138: Youth Indicator 8 Consistent condom
Page 139 and 140: Youth Indicator 10 Commercial sex a
Page 141 and 142: Youth Indicator 14 Exposure to inte
Page 143 and 144: Female Sex Worker Indicator 2 No in
Page 145 and 146: Female Sex Worker Indicator 5 Sex w
Page 147 and 148: Indicators for men who have sex wit
Page 149 and 150: Men Who Have Sex With Men Indicator
Page 151 and 152: Men who have sex with men Indicator
Page 153 and 154: Men Who Have Sex With Men Indicator
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Men Who Have Sex With Men Indicator
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Indicators for injecting drug users
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Injecting Drug User Indicator 3 Inj
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Injecting Drug User Indicator 8 Dru
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Injecting Drug User Indicator 10 Dr
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Suggested Reading Brown T, Sittitra
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Adult Target Grou
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The ADULT questionnaire includes th
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FHI 1999 HIV/AIDS/STD BEHAVIORAL SU
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POSSIBLE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Commu
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors No.
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors (co
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Unmarried Male An
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The YOUTH questionnaire includes th
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No. Questions and filters Coding ca
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Stigma and Discrimination No. Quest
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FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL (FHI) H
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors No.
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STD Treatment seeking behaviors (co
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Men Who Have Sex
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The MSM questionnaire includes the
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STD Treatment seeking behaviours No
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No. Questions and filters Coding ca
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QUESTIONNAIRE For Injecting Drug Us
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This questionnaire includes the fol
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EXAMPLE OF SUPERVISORS’ AND INTER
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A “take-all” approach is to be
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• To probe for additional informa
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Part B: How to use the Long Distanc
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An example of a question for which
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Part C: Section-by-section review o
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Q109. If the respondent says he/she
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it is asking if the respondent has
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Section 5 : Non-regular partners Q5
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Q706 : This question determines the
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Q910 - Q912 : Knowledge of maternal
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in riskier behavior (i.e., not usin
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Section 5 : Non-paying partners Que
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3 APPENDIX WORKING EXAMPLES OF SAMP
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For the purposes of the BSS, the ke
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The second stage sampling procedure
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Notes: 1. It may not always be poss
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The information from the mapping ex
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In Figure 3, clusters were chosen b
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Fieldwork assignments when the “t
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Figure 4 : Example of targeted snow
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In some settings it may not be acce
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Figure 6 : Steps in using the segme
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Figure 9 : Map of hypothetical samp
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In-class sampling of school youth T
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Alternative to “in-class” sampl
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found at the various locations at d
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What should be done if, even after
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FIELDWORK FORMS The following set o
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Form I Cluster Selection Sheet (Pro
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Form 2 Cluster Selection Sheet (Equ
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Form 3 Assignment Information Sheet
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Form 4 Cluster Information Sheet Su
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TABLE OF CHI-SQUARE STATISTICS AND
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Step 2 : Calculate the expected num
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