From the Heart of Kurdistan Region - Kurdish Globe

From the Heart of Kurdistan Region
The only English paper in Iraq - No: 395 Mon. May 13, 2013
Kurdish NGOs call world parliaments
to recognize genocide
Three Kurdish
NGOs advocating
international
recognition of Anfal
as genocide against
Kurds, which are
Kurdocide Watch,
Kurdistan Without
Genocide, and
Association of
Defending the
Victims and their
Families, initiated
an international
campaign for
recognition
of Anfal.
GLOBE PHOTO/Safin Hamid
P 5
Several female students holding umbrella covered with Kurdistan flag and stand for respect in front of Anfal coffins in a ceremoney held for returning of the corpses of those
who killed in Anfal campaign by the former Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein.
N ational P 3
PM Barzani: Proper
law is the foundation
of any successful
governance
N ational P 4
People’s Concerns
About Private and
Public Hospital
Services
N ational P 3
Fazil Mirani: Barzani
Surprise’s All By
Not Re-nominating
Himself
GLOBE PHOTO/Safin Hamid
N ational P 5
The ball is now in the
state of law’s court to
make the brave steps

The Kurdish Globe No. 395, Monday, May 13, 2013 2
Kurd in the current political
equations of Iraq
America Fears of a Vietnam War
In Iraq and An Iraqi Situation
Repeating Itself In Syria
By Gazi Hassan
The United States has played a
major role in the militarization of
the Kurdish region. The Middle
East is the destination of the maj
jority of American arms exports,
creating enormous profits for
weapons manufacturers and contj
tributing greatly to the militarizatj
tion of this already overly-militj
tarized region. Despite promises
of restraint, U.S. arms transfers
to the region have topped $60
billion since the Gulf War. Arms
sales are an important componj
nent of building political alliancej
es between the U.S. and Middle
Eastern countries- particularly
with the military leadership of
recipient countries. There is a
strategic benefit for the U.S. in
having U.S.-manufactured systj
tems on the ground in the event
of a direct U.S. military interventj
tion. Arms sales are also a means
of supporting military industries
faced with declining demand in
Western countries.
When the Ottoman Empire finj
nally disintegrated, following the
allied victory in the war of 1914-
18, and the birth of Armenian and
Kurdish states appeared at first to
be inevitable, Ataturk’s response
was to create a nation state based
on the unity of the Turkishspeaking
Muslim peoples and to
leave unresolved the question of
non-Turkish minorities such as
the Kurds, Chechens, Laz and
Abkhazians.1 The territories not
under the occupation of enemy
forces when the Armistice of
Mudros was concluded on Octj
tober 30, 1918, and which were
inhabited by ‘an Ottoman Moslj
lem majority, united in religion,
in race and in aim’, were said to
form a whole which did not admj
mit of division for any reason,
though in the case of the three
Kurdish Sandjaks ‘which united
themselves by a general vote to
the mother country’, there was a
vague suggestion of a plebiscite
in the National Pact’s reference
to a free popular vote ‘if necessj
sary’.2
In the new Iraq, though many
factions criticize Prime Minister
Nuri Al-Maliki, they mostly contj
tinue to keep their representatives
in the parliament and their minij
isters in the federal cabinet. The
Kurds have legitimate doubts
about Maliki's commitment to
power-sharing,
But the Kurds are not trying to
take power from him by force.
Quite the opposite: the President
Barzani is always , seeking to detj
ter Al-Maliki from using military
force against their autonomous
regional government.
By Saadula Aqrawi
is a strategically significant manj
neuver that could cement a new
regional alignment, especially if
President Barzani continues to
steer the Syrian Kurds toward the
Turkey-KRG axis. Yet the relatj
tionship is not without obstacles.
First, Ankara still harbors some
mistrust of Iraqi Kurdistan, and
the two are not in sync on every
issue.After all, even the deepest
regional shifts do not change the
fact that PKK camps continue
to operate in KRG territory. For
its part, the KRG appears to be
sensitive about moving too close
to Turkey for fear of provoking
its heavyweight neighbor Iran.
Another potential impediment
is the KRG’s desire for Ankara
to launch a dialogue with the
PKK—a tall order amid the currj
rent Turkish political scene.
The Sunni Arabs are protesting
for fairer treatment, not seeking
to actively erase the stubborn
reality of Shia-led government.
Their chances of launching an
Arab Spring-style uprising are
minimal because they are a sectj
tarian minority, not the majority
group in the country.
And the Shia factions -- for all
their complaints about the prime
minister -- tend to side with Malj
liki when the chips are down.
In the just-passed 2013 budget,
almost all the Shia blocs bandej
ed together to pass a strongly
anti-Kurdish budget. Instead of
watching for civil war, it is more
useful to think of Iraq as a place
where various groups are lookij
ing for a much better deal from
the central government -- more
autonomy in the Kurdish case,
equal treatment for the Sunnis.
But to the heart of the matter:
Is Iraq getting more or less violj
lent? Does it feel like a civil war
to Iraqis? This kind of attack, oftj
ten targeted on local community
leaders, has a tremendous ripple
effect, continuing the sectarian
or ethnic cleansing of areas, or
reducing the willingness of locj
cals to inform against militants.
It is invisible and corrosive --
what I have called low-visibility,
high-impact violence.
Sunni jubilation at the collapse
of Assad regime in Syria may
collide head-on with Maliki govej
ernment paranoia about being
the next domino to fall. Syria is
a good place to conclude because
it forces us to ask: If we had not
invaded 10 years ago, might we
simply be considering that optj
tion now, watching Saddam or
one of his sons crush rebelling
Iraqi cities in the aftermath of an
Arab Spring?
One of the most important things
the U.S media keeps stimulating
is the reoccurrence of the fear,
catastrophe and destruction that
the US army faced in Vietnam.
During the first steps of the
war against Saddam Hussein's
regime, which was decided by
Georg W. Bush, a psychologicj
cal and military fear was raised
against military operations for
toppling Baath Regime in Iraq.
It's true that more than 4000 US
soldiers were killed in Iraq; but
at the same time, thousands of
civilians, soldiers and Baath's
men alike, who were working
with the police and intelligence
service, were killed in Iraq as
well. After the libration operatj
tion, forming a new government,
the election and the withdrawal
of US troops from Iraq, due to a
strategic agreement, thousands
of civilians became victim to
terrorist attacks and explosions.
Terror and political crises still
go on till this very day.
It's also true that America
couldn't find Saddam's chemical
weapon, and Bush has admittj
ted that they had been provided
with inaccurate information regj
garding the chemical weapon,
but until now he is regretful of
librating Iraq from dictatorship
of Saddam Hussein. What's impj
portant is that Vietnam didn’t occj
cur in Iraq; however Iraq hasn't
become the democratic country
which blood was shed for. From
thousands of kilometers' distj
tance, America made the decisj
sion and sent troops to end Iraqi
peoples' sufferings. It's true that
the cruel authority of Baath's regj
gime ended, but internal issues
are still in continuation.
This time, the American media
raised their fear of reoccurrence
of Iraq's situation in Syria, makij
ing US President Barack Obama
discuss the possibility of the usaj
age of the chemical weapon creaj
ated by Bashar Assad against
Syrian people and demanded
accurate investigations in order
not to face the same situation in
Iraq regarding banned weapons.
Let's be honest, America and
Weekly paper printed in Erbil
First published in 2005
www.kurdishGlobe.net
Address:
Erbil, Massif road
the entire world knows that Saddj
dam Hussein has used chemical
weapons against Kurds in Halaj
abja, Balisan and some areas of
Badinan. Halabja has made left
no doubt. Syria also has used
this weapon, and British PM annj
nounced that they have crucial
evidence that the weapon has
been used in Syria. So why do
Americans resemble their fear
to Syria as to Iraq?
They do not fear the turnij
ing out of the existence of the
chemical weapon to be a lie, but
they do fear sectarian violence
and extremist Islamic group's
control over strategic positions
in addition to the emergence and
extension of regional crises.
Let's look at the matter clearly;
sectarian conflict in Iraq occj
curred in 2006-2007, and in the
last month alone, after Sunnis'
protest against Maliki and the
incident of Hawija, civil war is
expected to emerge again. Some
people believe that this war has
passed the stage of fear and concj
cerns have already emerged, becj
cause Sunnis reached the stage
where they believe that they
have to start an armed struggle,
which expands the ground of
disputes and war further.
Civil war has started in Syria;
Alawis doubt their future in fear
of post- Assad stage, when Sunnj
nis will take power. The balance
will change, they, as today in
power minority, will become
opposition and won't be able to
face anything. The Syrian army
is fighting against Sunnis in Banj
nias and other areas, so all the
matters went beyond the possibj
bilities and fears.
Extremist Islamic groups, incj
cluding Al-Nasra Front, are rulij
ing areas that Assad's regime
has lost control over. What's
more serious, they have taken
control over Dair-Alzoor's oil
wells. They're also able to get
weapons from their partners.
America fears that in case of
supporting opposition, weapons
will reach the hands of extremij
ist Islamic groups, but this issj
sue went beyond fears too, and
EXECUTIVE EDITOR
Gazi Hassan
+964 750 7747784
gazihassan2013@gmail.com
ARTS EDITOR
Diyaco Qayoumy
+964 750 4036252
diyaco.kurdishGlobe@gmail.com
these groups have already got
weapons and are supported.
Another point of the fear is
that the relation between Sunnj
nis of Iraq and Syria will move
the regional crises into another
direction and Iraq will face serioj
ous political crises.
The events may be as such,
but raising all these fears hasn't
given the opportunity to Bashar
Assad to continue on his massj
sacre and his relationship with
Iran, Hizbulla, and Russia, and
to continue on strengthening
himself. Only taking the control
back over some areas which was
under the control of the oppositj
tions, are described to be caused
by the international hesitance.
At the same time, fearing of
Al-Qaida and Baathists' return,
Iraq is also permitted not to end
its political crises, and Nuri Al
Maliki is permitted to move towj
wards to dictatorship and ignore
the basic problems.
The result is that all our fears
have occurred. We no longer
have to mention our fears and
worries, but rather do something
to prevent our fears from happj
pening. The extremist Islamic
groups are getting stronger in
the absence of America and the
West. Civil war has also started
and more than 70,000 people
have been killed, and daily massj
sacre is going on. Israel has
begun missile air jet attacks on
Syria. Another fear is providing
Syria with anti-air jet missiles
by Russia and strengthening
Syrian air defense. We saw neitj
ther Vietnam occurr in Iraq, nor
will Iraq's situation be repeated
in Syria, but the region is headij
ing to a serious fire. The fire
can be put out and sanctioned
within Syria by hurrying to
make changes in the method of
governance and by setting limitj
tations to the authority of Syria
by diplomatic or even military
pressures, before the fire crosses
out of Syria and expands in the
area.
Senior U.K. Editor
Bashdar Pusho Ismaeel
bashdar@hotmail.com
STAFF WRITERS
Zakaria Muhammed
+964 750 475 3897
zakaria.kurdishGlobe@gmail.com
Salih Waladbagi
+964 750 4912996
salihas2006@gmail.com

The Kurdish Globe No. 395, Monday, May 13, 2013 3
PM Barzani: Proper
law is the foundation
of any successful
governance
Kurdish PM meets with Judicial Council members
GLOBE PHOTO/Safin Hamid
Prime Minister of Kurdistj
tan Regional Government
Nechirvan Barzani met
with members of the Judicj
cial Council on Monday,
May 6th.
The meeting was attj
tended by Deputy Prime
Minister Imad Ahmed and
Minister of Justice Sherwj
wan Haidari.
The meeting started with
a speech by the Head of
the council who briefed
the Prime Minister and
his accompanying delegatj
tion about the council’s
activities and shortages.
The head of the council
gave the delegation some
recommendations on impj
proving the activities of
the council.
PM Barzani expressed
his gratitude towards the
performance of the councj
cil and reiterated the signj
nificance of its activities.
PM Barzani stated that
the current situations in
the region and the develoj
opments it has witnessed
recently in all aspects,
call for the revision of the
laws and legislations in
the region and updating
as per the new position
and developments of the
region.
Kurdish PM emphasj
sized that the laws should
be established on strong
and proper foundations
according to the modern
needs, since “the foundj
dation of any successful
governance and managemj
ment is the existence of
proper laws that are suitaj
able with developments
and new stages and in a
way that takes into accj
count the future and potj
tential developments.”
Barzani suggested that
they can ask for advice
and recommendations
from foreign experts. He
also added that a specialij
ized committee shall be
established who will revj
view all the laws starting
with those with higher
priority and urgency.
Kurdish PM told the attj
tendants of the meeting
that the Judicial Council
can pay a significant role
in organizing public HR
Management system and
pay scale management to
control and organize the
promotion system for publj
lic employees, by which it
can be a great support for
the government to achieve
justice and equity among
its employees.
At the end of the meetij
ing it was decided that
both parties continue simij
ilar review meetings on a
regular basis.
Fazil Mirani: Barzani Surprise’s All By
Not Re-nominating Himself
KDP politburo secretary,
Fazil Mirani, showed his
support to Masoud Barzj
zani's re-nomination, insj
sisting that the other side
could not hinder Barzani's
nomination as the matter
is lawful. He mentioned
that particular argument for
such a matter is an ordinary,
mundane thing because the
Kurdistan Region Presidj
dency is related to all, and
said they'll not be worried
of other people's opinions
and viewpoints.
Last Wednesday, in an
interview in London, Sharq
Al-Awsat, Mirani revealed
that they visited Mala
Bakhtiyar and opposing
parties know their stance
regarding elections. "Unfj
fortunately while we expj
pected them to visit us back
and show their stance offj
ficially, out of norms, their
press conferences reminded
us of Revolution Command
Council's statements and
military coups," remarked
Mirani.
Showing his surprise to
those parties which intj
tend moving Kurdistan
President's election to the
Parliament, he mentioned
that those parties criticized
2005's Election which was
conducted by the Parliamj
ment; this urged Kurdistan
Region President Masoud
Barzani to change Presidj
dency Election from parliamj
Secretary of Kurdistan Democratic Party, KDP, Fadhil Mirani speaks
during a press conference in the capital Erbil.
mentary to direct election
by people.
Mirani believed that electij
ing the president directly by
people is the best choice;
it gives opportunity to all
people to vote directly, such
as 2009's Election, because
electing the president in
the parliament will deprive
people of this right.
"Who knows? Barzani
may surprise all by not
nominating himself, just
as he's announced, he has
not demanded any post or
position. We should say
for history that this man
has defended our national
rights and strengthened Regj
gion's internal and foreign
position and has upheld the
unity of Kurdistan Region.
So whether we vote for him
or not, we should respect
his role" said Mirani.
Regarding the return of
constitution bill to parliamj
ment, Mirani said the bill
has been voted for by 99%
GLOBE PHOTO/Safin Hamid
after discussion and organj
nization, it's the right of
Kurdistan Region President
to put the constitution to
vote and let people make
their decision. In addition
to that, the constitution is
subject to discussion and
the final word and decision
belongs to Kurdistan Regj
gion President.
Concerning formation of
a united government which
was called 'a deal out of
the parliament' times ago,
the PDK politburo secretj
tary said they suggested
to the opposition to form
a national unity governmj
ment together till conductij
ing elections, so they make
the reforms they want.
"But they refused, the deal
they're talking about will go
through after the election
when everyone knows his
size" Mirani said.
"We think that the opposj
sition wants to take over
power, but this is only
achieved by election, let
them try their luck and we'll
wait, nevertheless we are
for formation of a united
government after the electj
tion in order to take all
the responsibilities" added
Fazil Mirani.
In response to a question
of the PDK being of accused
of an endeavor to maintain
Barzani Family's rule over
the Region Presidency, the
PDK secretary said: "We
do not shy from our commj
mitment to this family's
leadership to the party, they
were leader of the libration
movement, till today, they
all including other parties,
agree on the leadership of
this freedom fighter family."
He added that family parties
exist in many places in the
world, such as Afghanistan,
Pakistan.. etc, mentioning
that Nawshirwan Muastafa
himself has written articles
about some of them. "The
leadership of the party is
our issue and others are
not concerned with, why
should they object what's
related to our candidates
to any post? Why would
they object if we nominj
nated Nechirvan Barzani
to government presidency?
They have rights to nominj
nate their ministers, and we
have the right to nominate a
president to the government
and the Region's presidencj
cy. We have respected their
decision and they should
respect our party's options
and decisions as long as
they are not against law"
explained Mirani.
Regarding contradictions
in PUK's stances about
nomination and the constitutj
tion, Mirani mentioned that
after President Talabani's
illness, they face contradictj
tory statements from PUK
leadership. "I say this with
all my certainty, in Iraq or
inside PUK or even we as
PDK, didn't know the real
value of Mam Jalal compj
pletely until he was temporj
rarily absent." Insisted Mirj
rani, adding that they're not
worried and they respect
PUK's circumstance and are
not afraid of the fate of their
alliance. "We have friends
inside PUK with whom we
struggled together, I believe
that PUK will continue on
its struggle and on the path
of strategic alliance" concj
cluded Mirani.
Regarding the agreement
between Nechirvan Barzani
and Nuri Al Maliki in Bagdj
dad several days ago, Miranj
ni mentioned that dialogue
is the method of the era and
even war ends by dialogue.
"Maliki will remain the
prime minister until 2014;
we tried to withdraw confj
fidence from him but it
couldn't be decided by
unanimous vote. So shall
we boycott him? Till when?
Or shall we separate from
Iraq, which is not in our favj
vor? So we have to engage
dialogue with him, we did
this and we agreed with
him, but our agreement
shouldn't be on the credit of
others" argued Mirani.
Mirani demanded the Iraqi
Prime Minister to be openminded,
not only for Shias,
but for Sunnis as well, becj
cause they're important
component in Iraq.

The Kurdish Globe No. 395, Monday, May 13, 2013 4
People’s Concerns About Private
and Public Hospital Services
People complain
about the long
wait's and the poor
quality medicine
at government-run
hospitals, meanwwhile,
the private
hospitals are
criticized for
having higher costs.
For many years, governmj
ment-run hospitals have
served as most of Kurdistj
tan's population. They offj
fer medical services and
still work to provide medicj
cal treatment to the people
across Kurdistan. These
days, private hospitals offj
fer high-quality medical
services with semi-internatj
tional standards, but their
costs are high.
"I had a kidney operatj
tion, and I feel better now.
The hospital is comfortable.
All the medical services are
good, but the prices are very
high. Some poor people like
me cannot afford that much.
My cousins, a businessman,
helped me with the costs,"
said Abdulbaqi, a patient
at the Zheen International
Hospital.
"The standards and qualij
ity of the hospital are very
high. I think its services are
very close to the neighborij
ing countries' hospitals,"
said Dr. Aso Nuri Jalizada,
a specialist in ears, noses,
throats, and heads of Zheen
International Hospital.
Patients visiting Zheen
GLOBE PHOTO/Safin Hamid
A physician treats a female patient in a public hospital in Erbil, capital of the Kurdistan Region.
are registered in the hospitj
tal's computer system, and
issued an ID card and assj
signed a room.
"One of the most importj
tant characteristics of the
hospital is that our chief
nurse and head nurse came
from abroad under special
contracts. They have been
working for many years in
Western countries," said Dr.
Jalizada.
Ahmed Ali, a patient at the
government-run Rizgary
Hospital has a different
opinion. "I know the nurses
are very good people, but
they don't perform their
real responsibilities. They
just give us medicines and
injections now and then.
While their tasks are to
look after the patients, give
us the right dose of medicj
cations, help us to eat and
drink and other tasks."
Rizgary Hospital is one
of Erbil's main hospitals. It
was inaugurated Dec. 31,
1984 and since then has
provided health services to
those from in and around
Erbil. The hospital has 493
beds.
"Patients get treatment, at
Rizgary Hospital, under the
supervision of Kurdish specj
cialists. The patients come
to Rizgary either after they
have been seen by doctors
at local health centers or
advised by their personal
doctors to visit Rizgary
Hospital to get treatment,"
said Dr. Sirwan Dargalayi,
Director of Rizgary Hospitj
tal.
Zheen's nurses are from
India, the Philippines and
other countries. "They have
worked at an international
standard. They help our locj
cal nurses who are new and
do not have experience,"
said Dr. Jalizada.
Another important differej
ence between Zheen and
government-run or other
private hospitals is it has
modern incineration equipmj
ment to dispose of medical
waste. This helps prevent
pollution. Dr. Jalizada says
the hospital has brought
new techniques and procedj
dures to Erbil. "We are pionj
neers in medical treatment
in Erbil."
Discrepancy between peopj
ple and hospitals
"Unfortunately, people
do not cooperate with the
administrative staff of the
hospital. They disobey most
of the regulations," said Dr.
Dargalayi. The same problj
lem occurs in Zheen. "Peopj
ple bring food and children
into the hospital. This is 100
percent against our policy,"
said Dr. Jalizada.
A patient who visited
Rizgary for medical treatmj
ment says it is a two-sided
coin. The first side is hospitj
tal and the other is people.
While state hospitals have
problems, people don't help
to keep the equipment runnj
ning and the hospital clean,
noted Dr. Dargalayi. He
says people should try to
raise their health awareness
and help protect everyone
else.
"If people had better
health awareness, we would
have fewer problems. Peopj
ple should have protect and
maintain the medical suppj
plies at the hospital," said
Dr. Dargalayi. "We have
signed a contract with Hiwj
way Gal Company, which
will clean the hospital. The
cleaning company has been
doing the job as well as it
can."
Medicines
People claim Rizgary
Hospital's pharmacy doesn't
work well. Dr. Dargalayi
says there are misundersj
standings between the
doctors and the pharmacy.
While the doctors have a
list of medicines available,
they still prescribe medicatj
tions the pharmacy doesn't
have- this leads people to
blame the pharmacy.
People complain about
the cost of medicine at privj
vate hospitals. "The qualij
ity of the medicines is of
a high standard. For exaj
ample, people can purchase
a paracetamol [acetaminopj
phen] outside for only 250
Iraqi dinars, while the same
tablet is 1,500 Iraqi dinars
here. So the difference is
in the quality, not anything
else," said Dr. Jalizada.
Salih Waladbagi
Erbil
salihas2006
@gmail.com
The Brotherhood’s Thirst for Power
When people who are
thirsty and looking for
a drop of water in a vast
and dry desert reach a sea
or smaller body of water,
they throw themselves into
the sea instead of drinking
from it. Out of thirst and
desperation, they did not
consider the fact that they
don't know how to swim.
So instead of benefitting
from finally reaching watj
ter, they die in the vain attj
tempt. This metaphor has
been implemented by the
Muslim Brotherhood of
Egypt.
Whoever reads the history
of the Muslim Brotherhood
in Egypt will understand
that the Brotherhood is just
like the thirsty man in the
desert- having always been
occupying prisons and beij
ing beaten and restrained
by Egyptian authorities.
It's true that the Brotherhj
hood, under unbearable
pressure put on them, immj
mersed themselves into
the sweets of opportunity
they had in front of them,
but this time, the sweet's of
power in Egypt seems to
be a dream come true, but
a reality that will probably
lead to an inevitable death
due to the Brotherhood's
thirst for power.
The Brotherhood has
been the source of inspiratj
tion to many Arab-Islamic
movements, Qutb's books
being seen as a philosophy
and doctrine to political Islj
lam, but the experience of
the ruling in Egypt may revj
verse many people's opinij
ions revolving the Brotherhj
hood, because during the
past years, neither Islamic
economical philosophy
is implemented, nor nonextreme
doctrine, neither
Shura beliefs and generaj
alization, nor breaking the
prisons and judging police
and changing army authorij
ity, which were imprisonij
ing and judging Brotherhj
hood in the past.
Muhammad Mursi and
Brotherhood want to have
control over the political
power in Egypt by controllj
ling the courts and judgesthat's
why the opposing
parties, America and the
West, think that Brotherhj
hood wants to move into a
crucial war in the field of
courts and judges. Recentlj
ly, the Egyptian President
and Islamic parties wanted
to impose a decision regj
garding reforms in judicial
system, which leads to dismj
missal of 300 judges undj
der the name of cleansing
courts from remainders of
Husni Mubarak's regime
and intelligence agents
who are still in relation
with security centers.
At the same time, the oppj
position of current Egyptian
regime are, frankly, stating
that, "the January Revolj
lution has been stolen",
meaning that its previous
aim has shifted, and what's
going on now is backing to
the same system of govej
erning which Mubarak was
adopting. Moreover, the
Brotherhood is in hurry to
take power and control impj
portant aspects of power.
They use police and army
for oppressing the oppositj
tion, as the former regime
did. They are thirsty for
power.
Egypt has issues pertj
tained to the economy,
freedom of speech and the
media. Mursi couldn't pass
election laws in court. He
dismissed the Attorney
General, but he returned
to his post. It seems that
he will not succeed fightij
ing against judges when
he wants to replace them
with people loyal to him
so they will submit to his
own will.
A thirst for power may
not be able to succeed in
the disputes and changes
that is currently being undj
dergone by several regions.
The Muslim Brotherhood
wants to run in Egypt as
an inexperienced political
power, which may lead to
a catastrophe to Egypt. Insj
stead of eliminating police
power that are being used
for oppressing the opposj
sition, it wants to use the
power for accusing its oppj
ponents. They use the same
slogans of 'anti-national
Israel's , corrupted people,
and the suspected men of
former regime and sabotj
teurs', also violating womej
en's rights and restricting
certain freedoms. These
are all indications that the
Muslim Brotherhood may
kill themselves because of
their thirst for power, and
instead of drinking it, they
want to throw themselves
into the sea of power.

The Kurdish Globe No. 395, Monday, May 13, 2013 5
Kurdish NGOs call world parliaments
to recognize genocide
Three Kurdish NGOs advocatij
ing international recognition of
Anfal as genocide against Kurds,
which are Kurdocide Watch,
Kurdistan Without Genocide,
and Association of Defending the
Victims and their Families, initiaj
ated an international campaign
for recognition of Anfal.
The campaign will include
sending letters to all world parlj
liaments and their blocks calling
for considering the case at the
parliament hall and voting for its
official recognition.
At the first stage the NGOs
sent the appeal to parliaments
of Armenia, Greece, Cyprus,
Germany, Cambodia, Canada,
Netherlands and Tunisia, out of
which Netherlands and German
parliaments have officially ackj
knowledged receipt of the appj
peal. Following that and in late
April, the NGOs sent the letter
to parliaments of Israel, Ruanda,
South Africa and Ireland as well
as the government of Southern
Sudan.
The campaign is expected to
continue to cover all world’s
parliaments except those already
approached or there are existing
efforts on this issue.
The campaign aims at approachij
ing countries where genocide
has happened first. The letter the
NGOs send to the parliaments are
accompanies with many books
and significant documents about
the Kurdish genocide in English
language.
Families of Anfal victims stand for respect in front of Anfal coffins covered with Kurdistan flag in Garmiyan
Region, Sulaimani.
GLOBE PHOTO/Safin Hamid
PRESS PHOTO
Rawaz Mahdi Khoshnaw:
The ball is now in the state of law’s
court to make the brave steps
Rawaz Mahdi Khoshnaw, Kurdij
ish member of the Iraqi Parliamj
ment on the Kurdistani Alliance
Bloc, argues that in the past
few years the relations between
Kurdistan Region and the Fedej
eral Government of Iraq have
been going through many turbj
bulences and often crisis, which
have “unfortunately” paved the
road to many voices within the
National Alliance to speak publj
lically against Kurdistan’s consj
stitutional rights and economic
prosperity.
PM Khoshnaw said in an excj
clusive interview with the Kurdij
ish Globe that State of Law,
which is one of the main blocks
within the National Alliance has
been adopting policies through
which they aim at undermining
Kurdistan’s prosperity.
MP Khoshnaw believes “the
continuation of this approach
from state of law under the Natj
tional alliances umbrella would
eventually results in the damage
of the historic and the strategic
ties between the Kurds and the
Shiites.”
“That is why practical steps
needed from state of law to
heal what have been damaged,”
Kurdish MP told the Globe. “Aftj
ter the brave visit of KRG's PM
Mr. Nechirvan Barzani, the ball
is now in the state of law’s court
to make the brave steps needed
towards implementing the latej
est agreement and the previous
ones. in addition they need to reaj
assure everyone that the pillars
on which the political process in
Iraq had been built on which are
consensus, true partnership, and
the national balance are still the
guiding principles in the context
of the constitution.”
Needless to mention after all
the atrocities and the oppressj
sion Kurds suffered in the past,
its other Iraqi partners national
duty to reassure the Kurds that
the democratic state of Iraq is
preserving their rights and dispj
play strong guarantees that
what have happened in the past
against them will never happen
again, meaning that Iraq offers
hope not fear.
MP Khoshnaw reiterated that
without these brave and serioj
ous steps from the state of law,
it would be too optimistic to belj
lieve there will be any positive
change, and the crisis would remj
main the dominant figure in this
country.
Duhok Investment Director talks to the Kurdish Globe
Investment law needs amendment
Bakhtiyar Amin, Director
General of Duhok Investmj
ment, said in an interview
with the Kurdish Globe that
one year after the decision
to hold residential projej
ect licenses, still it is not
clear when the Investment
Board will resume licensij
ing again.
Below is the script of the
interview with Bakhtiyar
Amin:
Q: What is the investment
percentage in Duhok?
A: The percentage of invj
vestment in Duhok is 20%,
which is UD$ 3 billion in
2012. However in 2011 it
was only US$ 1.5 billion.
This means that it has doubj
bled in one year. The total
land allocated for all 122
investment projects was
1750 hectares. Moreover,
85% of the projects were
implemented by local compj
panies.
Q: Why investment law
has not yet been amended?
A: The most important
thing to work on is the 2006
Investment Law, which
needs complete revision
and improvement. We have
established a committee
more than one year ago to
study the law and identify
the shortages.
Q: To what extent residj
dential project investors
commit violations?
A: There are several aspj
pects of violation, technical
violations, financial violatj
tions and dishonesty. Many
times projects have been
put on hold and their ownej
ers have been fined because
of violations. They have
not been allowed to resume
operations until the violatj
tions were corrected. Some
investors do not follow the
laws and regulations and
sell residential units before
building. But we deal with
these cases according to the
investment law.
Q: Why many people
complain about delays in
the implementation of the
projects?
A: It is true that most of
the time the projects do not
complete in time; and we
A general view of a huge residential project in the province of Duhok.
have tried to solve them,
but there are some issues
that we cannot solve and are
out of our control.
Q: How many residentj
tial units have been built in
Duhok?
A: There are 40 projects
implemented in Duhok,
which constitute a total
36,384 units.
Q: To what extent the low
income people have benej
efited from the projects?
A: There are no correct
statistics but definitely they
have had significant impact
on the market and rental
rates. However due to lack
of any regulations for sellij
ing units, the prices go up
every day, and renters do
not benefit from them.
Q: Are there any other
concerns?
A: People complain about
problems with the projects
and investors complain
about lack of cooperation
by relevant government autj
thorities, which makes their
operations more difficult.
Q: To what extent agricultj
tural lands have been used
for residential projects?
A: No Investment Board
projects are built on agricj
cultural lands. Lands are
allocated by the municipalij
ity based on the municipal
master plan of the cities. If
a land is originally agricultj
tural but is now within the
cities’ master plans and has
become the property of the
municipalities and is no longj
ger fit for agriculture, then
this should not be counted
as an agricultural land. Othej
erwise municipalities never
use agricultural lands for
residential projects.
Q: When will licensing
resume for residential projej
ects?
A: It has been one year
the licenses have been put
on hold and it is still not
clear when they will resj
sume, since they are busy
with new regulations and
guidelines, in a way that
they will be in the interest
of the public.
GLOBE PHOTO/Safin Hamid

The Kurdish Globe No. 395, Monday, May 13, 2013 6
Kurdistan to resume exporting crude oil
GLOBE PHOTO/Safin Hamid
Two armed security guards check oil pipeline in an oil field in Kurdistan region of northern Iraq.
This time through a direct route
In a major deepening of those
ties, Turkey and Iraqi Kurds
have reportedly agreed recently
to build a natural gas pipeline to
transport at least 10 billion cubic
meters of gas annually. That reprj
resents over a fifth of Turkey’s
current consumption. Turkish
officials have refused to publicly
confirm the project that threatens
to aggravate a dispute between
Baghdad and the autonomous
Kurdistan region over control
over energy resources. And accj
cording to Reuters Turkey has
given the green light to the plan,
under which oil from Taq Taq
will enter the Kirkuk-Ceyhan
pipeline at Fishkhabur pumping
station near the Turkish border,
from where it will flow directly
to Turkey’s southern port of Ceyhj
han for shipping to international
markets.
Iraqi Kurdistan will be ready
to export its crude oil directly to
world markets via Turkey withij
in months after a new pipeline
is completed, a move likely to
deepen a row with Baghdad over
the distribution of Iraq's hydrocj
carbon revenues.
The Kurdistan Regional Govej
ernment (KRG) is on track to
finish the pipeline in the third
quarter, linking Genel Energy's
Taq Taq oilfield with an existing
Iraq-Turkey crude pipeline, four
Turkey-based industry sources
said.
Turkey has given the green light
to the plan, under which oil from
Taq Taq will enter the Kirkuk
Ceyhan pipeline at Fishkhabur
pumping station near the Turkish
border, from where it will flow
directly to Turkey's southern port
of Ceyhan for shipping to internatj
tional markets, the sources said.
The move will help Kurdistan
significantly increase its oil expj
ports but could upset the Iraqi
central government, which sees
independent exports from the
north as illegal and says growing
trade between the KRG and Turkj
key threatens to split Iraq.
Oil is at the heart of the fight
between the Arab-led central
government in Baghdad and
the ethnic Kurdish-run northern
enclave, which dispute control
over oilfields, territory and crude
revenues shared between the two
regions.
US officials are concerned that
Turkey’s strained ties with Baghdj
dad could have implications for
the rest of the region. Turkey is
defying Washington and Baghdj
dad in developing a broad energy
partnership with Iraqi Kurds as
it pushes to secure affordable oil
and gas supplies to fuel its rapid
economic growth.
Turkey is pushing ahead with
plans to extend economic cooj
operation with Iraq’s Kurdistan
region, brushing aside warnings
from the United States that this
approach could lead to the disintj
tegration of the Iraqi state.
Washington, wary of the divisj
sions between Baghdad and the
autonomous region, has urged
passage of a long-delayed nationaj
al oil law to resolve the standoff,
which has intensified since the
last United States troops left in
December 2011.
"The new pipeline will be linked
to the Kirkuk-Ceyhan line, one
Ankara-based industry source
familiar with the matter told Reuj
uters. "Naturally, once they can
export via a pipeline and no longj
ger have to truck their oil to the
border, the volumes will rise."
The new pipeline was originj
nally designed as a gas pipeline
but KRG energy minister Ashti
Hawrami said it was to be convj
verted to carry oil, a move which
had helped Genel Energy to bring
its plans of pipeline exports by
2014 forward, sources said. Genj
nel declined to comment on the
issue. Sources said the pipeline
has been laid up to Dohuk and is
currently 80 per cent complete. It
will be able to carry up to 300,000
barrels per day (bpd) and is being
built by a Turkish contractor.
Kurdistan crude used to be
moved to world markets through
a Baghdad-controlled pipeline
to Turkey, but exports via that
channel dried up last year as a
result of a row over payments.
Crude pumped from the Taq Taq
oilfield has instead been trucked
over Iraq's northern border with
Turkey, bypassing Iraq's federal
pipeline system.
Ankara had initially refused to
engage in official contacts with
Iraqi Kurds, fearing that the estj
tablishment of an independent
Kurdish state there could embj
bolden its own Kurds, some of
whom have waged a nearly threedecade
insurgency.
But as Turkey’s economy has
boomed — it grew by more than
8.0 percent in 2010 and 2011 —
and its thirst for energy grown,
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip
Erdogan has moved gradually to
forge trade ties with Iraqi Kurds.
Baghdad has said it alone has
the authority to control exports
and sign contracts, while the
Kurds say their right to do so is
enshrined in Iraq's federal constitj
tution.
But Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri
Al Maliki softened his tone
earlier this month, saying Iraq
welcomed any step towards rappj
prochement with Turkey on the
basis of shared interests, mutual
respect and good-neighbourlinj
ness.
But the hopes of reconciliation
could be tested again when the
new pipeline is online and the issj
sue of how to distribute revenues
between the KRG and Baghdad
becomes an even more pressing
issue, sources say. "I think that
would require an agreement with
Turkey, the KRG and Baghdad,"
an industry source said.
"Where will the money for the
oil exports be paid and who will
sell the crude from Ceyhan — all
of these issues will have to be
finalised with a written agreemj
ment."
Turkey has said it could play
an active role in settling the paymj
ment problems between the KRG
and the central government in
Baghdad. Turkish energy minij
ister Taner Yildiz said earlier this
month Turkey stood ready to suppj
port an arrangement under which
83 per cent of oil export revenue
went to Baghdad and the remainij
ing 17 per cent to Kurdistan.
Seeking US nod For over a
year, Kurdistan has upset Baghdj
dad by signing deals with oil
majors such as Exxon Mobil and
Chevron , providing lucrative
production-sharing contracts and
better operating conditions than
in Iraq's south.
Earlier this week, Kurdistan
called on Washington to accept
its negotiations with neighbourij
ing Turkey as a way to get its oil
to market rather than seeing it as
a threat to Iraq's unity.
He said Kurdistan would seek a
dialogue with Baghdad to resolve
outstanding energy issues based
on the federal constitution. The
KRG is entitled to make exports
happen and prefers to do so with
Baghdad, he said.
Iraq's central government says
Kurdistan is expected to provide
250,000 bpd towards Iraq's 2013
oil export target.
Despite the difficulties Turkish
trade with Iraq has grown rapidlj
ly, from $ 2.8 billion in 2007 to $
10.7 billion last year.
Iraq is now Turkey’s number
two trade partner following Germj
many, with most of that trade
with the Kurdish region. More
than 1,000 Turkish companies
are currently operating in northej
ern Iraq, and they are optimistic
Iraq could become Turkey’s top
trade partner as soon as this year.
of 2.9 million bpd. In 2012, the
KRG was to contribute 175,000
bpd to the federal budget, but reaj
alised an average of only 61,000
bpd.
Goran Sabah
Ghafour
Erbil
lohangoran
@yahoo.com

The Kurdish Globe No. 395, Monday, May 13, 2013 7
Kurdistan Journalists’ Manifest in the (115)th
Anniversary of Kurdish Journalism Part I
In 22nd of April 1898 the first
Kurdish newspaper entitled
(Kurdistan) was published by the
pioneers of Kurdistan journalij
ists (Miqdad Madhad Badirkhan
& Abdul-Alrahman Badirkhan).
From then Kurdistan journalism
have passed through many bright
phases and sometimes passed
through opposed levels. Generallj
ly, journalism has passed through
continuous developments.
In 22nd of April, it is the 115th
anniversary of Kurdistan journj
nalism. In the new occasion, in
a new form, in a good level with
a state-of-the-art technologies
with a good abilities and qualitj
ties. The pervasiveness of journj
nalism in all aspects of medium
has been developed. And at last
became a ‘job’ despite its barriers
and reliabilities. It is an essential
job, in that the effect of medium
(generally) in day-to-day life has
passed almost all limitations. It
has effected not only on politics,
economics, social, psychologicj
cal, etc. but also it has an effect
on the change of the nations. In
this way, the job of journalism
became a continuous part in the
society and lives of individuals.
Kurdistan Newspaper’s words
became a beam of light in Cairo,
and now connected all Kurdij
ish nation(s) and connected the
Kurdish nation to the whole
world.
In the changes of the south
Kurdistan, in 1991 up to now,
this field has developed very
much and is developing on the
right path continuously. It is
clear that this development, on
its frame, is due to the laws, widej
ening the freedom, especially the
freedom of speech. The level of
this development, the work of
journalism has numerous barriej
ers. Some of them can be solved
via the form of ‘changing laws’
or filling the legal gaps. But the
others may relate to the system or
the political situations in Kurdistj
tan, or area. The job itself concj
cerns the rights of journalists and
the duties of journalists, which
can need the general abilities and
prolonged time.
In 22nd of April, Kurdistan’s
journalists, in every part of Kurdij
istan or the world, can point his
finger to the development of journj
nalism in his/her region. Simultanj
neously, through his/her job can
participate the regional attempts,
political, social, economical attj
tempts. Moreover, they can cooj
operate for developing the journj
nalism, despite their cooperation
with their peers within (Kurdish
or foreign) journalists. This is
to become an official person in
expressing the speech and trying
for gaining the rights, life, and
honored life of journalists.
However, the Syndicate of Journj
nalists in Kurdistan will congratuj
ulate the day of journalism to all
journalists in Kurdistan. At the
same time, asks all journalists of
Kurdistan to cooperate the project
of (the Federation of Journalism
in Kurdistan) to be successful.
Thus, pay attention to journalij
ism, the freedom of writing, and
the freedom of journalism. They
insist to support all journalists in
Kurdistan within the federation.
Though this project has passed
through some practical phases.
Furthermore, the council of syndj
dicate of Kurdistan journalism,
in its 115th annual of Kurdistan
Paper, will announce the golden
prize of (Miqdad Badirkhan) to
journalists. This prize consists
of two annual prizes given to
two journalists. One to a Kurdij
ish journalist and one to a forej
eign journalist whom they persist
the problems of Kurdish nation,
freedom of speech, human rights,
and developing democracy, and
protecting the social equalization
to people.
To remain the values and reputj
tation of the prizes, the council
of syndicate of Kurdistan journj
nalism, by exchanging the ideas
of specialists whom they know
about international prizes, a group
will be indicated. The first point
of this group is not to be with any
party within syndicate of Kurdij
istan journalism. For that, there
will be a good refinery for nominj
nees to be judged in both moral
and morale values, for Miqdad
Badirkhan golden prizes.
Kurdistan Journalists
The work of journalism in
Kurdistan Region, rather than
other parts of Kurdistan, is devj
veloping day after day. Those
fast paces in the field of technical
and technological developments
have been made. This reached
Kurdistan journalism. However,
the syndicate of Kurdistan journj
nalism has became the owner of
many legal projects then those
projects became the law. By
Kurdistan Parliament, this should
be progressed to have a good envj
vironment in journalism. Since
the work of journalism will face
numerous obstacles.
The impact of medium, generallj
ly, and its development in quantitj
ty completed its duties. However,
the quality type, it is not like as it
is to be. This shortage is the duty
of all of us to be improved. In one
hand, expanding freedom, fitting
the steps of democracy, watchij
ing freedom in its original place,
are great duties which are the resj
sponsibilities of the journalists.
Journalists will always fight with
other forces and parties in politj
tics, social, and economy. For
this reason, the six-month-report
of support committee for rights of
journalists in the council of syndj
dicate of Kurdistan journalism is
an original part of this oppose.
Despite of availability of laws, a
huge number of newspaper organj
nizations with continuous promij
ises by top-officials in Regional
Government, there are still punij
ishment for journalists. Hence, in
this manifest we are dealing with
the following:
Kurdistan’s Football Team
Competes In Marseille
GLOBE PHOTO\Safin Hamid
Five Aphrodite
Players Join
National Team
After the Aphrodite team showed a high perfj
formance level in the Iraqi domestic handball
league, five players of the team were called to
join the Iraqi national team to take part in the
international competitions.
Aphrodite is a strong candidate to become
the Iraqi league champion after it was able to
reach the final match last week. Throughout
the whole league period, the players attracted
the attentions of many sports fans, the other
clubs, and even Iraqi Handball Association
(IHB) officials.
The five players who have been identified by
IHB to join the Iraqi national team include the
following: Chawan Salih, Banu Kamil, Bahar
Othman, Shiniyar Burhan, and Srusht Farhad.
Although the players have to go through sevej
eral practical tests in order to be fully accepted
by the IHB and represent Iraq and Kurdistan in
outside contributions, the reports have shown
they are in front of the other players.
Members of Kurdistan National Football Team read Kurdish national anthem during a friendly match in Erbil's Franso Hariri Stadum.
The Kurdistan Football Association
(KFA) has recently received an invitatj
tion letter from France so that Kurdistj
tan's Football team would take part in
Torno Championships for Culture and
Sport which is expected to be hosted in
Marseille in France.
According to the KFA president,
Safeen Kanaby, the championship is goij
ing to kick off on June 22 and will last
until June 29.
Other than Kurdistan, Kanaby said
the teams that are supposed to participj
pate in the competition include: Catalonj
nia, Provence, Tebit, Ladak, Nagaland,
Zinjibar, Britang, Laponi, Ende, Bondij
ikere, and Brianj.
The 12 teams will be divided in to three
groups; each group with four teams. The
group matches will run on June 23 lastij
ing for four days. The semifinal games
will run on 26-27 June and the final
match on 29 June.
Kurdistan's team has taken part in sevej
eral competitions previously, including
Nakba Championship in Palestine, and
VIVA World Cup, which is an internatj
tional football tournament organized
by the NF Board, an umbrella associatj
tion for nations unaffiliated with FIFA.
The Kurdistan Region has taken part in
VIVA World Cup four times. In 2008,
Kurdistan secured fourth place, but went
on to become runners-up in 2009 and
2010 and eventually hosted and won the
title in 2012.
This picture depicts Aphrodite Handball Team.
GLOBE PHOTO\Karwan Zirak

Last page
No. 395, Monday, May 13, 2013
Traditional Kurdish Weddings
By Helen G.H.
As Amy Bloom once said,
"Marriage is not a ritual or an
end. It is a long, intricate, intimj
mate dance together and nothij
ing matters more than your own
sense of balance and you choice
of partner." Wedding's are a sacj
cred vow between two people
who made an ode to spend the
rest of their happy induced life
together, whatever be the conseqj
quences.
Therefore, how you hold your
wedding is perhaps the one of
the most important factors that
shape your marriage, and one
of my personal weddings is a
traditional Kurdish wedding.
At Kurdish weddings, I always
feel at home and there's always
a part of me that swells in pride
at the roots of my lineage. The
room in which the groom and
bride recite their vows is always
filled with chatter, laughter,
shouts, and a plain happy attire
that promises so much in store
for the newlyweds.
I admit though, the food is my
favorite part of the wedding.
In contrast to Western wedding
food choices, instead of steak,
caviar, lobster, Crème Lihue,
or anything else with a weirdly
pronounced name, Kurdish
Weddings offer something simpj
ple yet satisfying. More than oftj
ten of times, they serve biryani,
dolma, brown rice, chicken, and
bean soup which always managej
es to taste delicious and mouth
watering despite the numerous
of time's it's been consumed by
not just me but many.
The dancing is also another
factor that is doomed to be put
under my list of favorites. With
the Kurdish music blaring at an
almost obnoxiously loud level
and the men and women dancij
ing shamelessly, it puts a sort
of warm tinge to the soul. One
thing specifically, however,
caught my attention.
A tradition, when translated to
English, called, 'gift's of gold'
sounded particularly interestij
ing. Just by the title I could tell
The Café: The Place
That Not Every
Youngster Can Go To
where they were going with
this! The groom dons the wife in
gold jewelry, obviously meant
to impress the family and give
the wife support if the groom
were ever to pass away(the bride
would sell the gold). Once he's
done with that, he lavishes her
in even more gifts, cards and
jewelry.
Needless to say, a traditional
Kurdish wedding is one of the
most memorable weddings one
can attend to and it's an honoraj
able ceremony filled with joy,
happiness, and pride.
PRESS PHOTO PRESS PHOTO
Many people have noted that the
coffee at cafes seems to be extj
tremely pricey, especially when
compared to the cost of makij
ing coffee at home. The cafes
are usually visited by those who
have appointments with their
friends, relatives, and sometj
times business people.
Drinking a cup of coffee may
cost eight times more than a cup
of coffee at a traditional coffee
house in the downtown markets.
This prevents certain people and
students with low wages from
visiting the expensive cafes freqj
quently.
“Lately, I have been distant
from some close friends of mine
because I can’t go to the cafes
everyday to meet them. If I drink
a cup of cappuccino in Costa
Cafe, for instance, and use Internj
net, I have to pay at least 10,000
Iraqi dinars,” said Sarbaz Karj
reem, a college student
The number of expensive cafj
fes is on the rise in the Kurdish
Region, especially in the Kurdij
ish capital city of Erbil. Each
supermarket has more than two
or three cafes.
Some of the cafes are located
in the business areas where
most of foreign organizations
and companies based. The main
things that entice people into
paying visits to the cafes is the
availability of internet service
and different types of coffees
and teas.
Shwan Amjad, who had his
IPad in hand, reading posts on
his face book account, says, “I
come here to enjoy my spare
time with my friends. It's better
to be here than going to crowded
local markets for no reason.”
When asked if he thinks the
cafes are expensive, Amjad said
“It is very expensive, but, fortj
tunately, I can afford to eat and
drink here because my father is
a businessman.”
He sympathizes with those
who can’t afford paying for a
cup of coffee in a cafe. He thinks
the government should at least
open some cafes for students
with cheaper prices.
The owners of the cafés indicj
cate that they put prices on the
food and drink by themselves
and they are not required to go
by any price restrictions. They
say there are a number of reasj
sons why coffee at cafes tends
to be so expensive.
According to Ahamad Abbas,
the owner of Nice Café in Erbj
bil, one of the main reasons why
coffee at cafes is expensive is
A view of Mado Café in Erbil.
because it actually costs a lot
to make. The cafe must pay
staff to make it, and they must
also cover overhead like rent,
electricity, internet service, and
water fees.
Abbas said many people also
expect a great deal of variety
when they order coffee at cafj
fes, and this is also expensive.
It is much cheaper to offer only
a few types of coffee, but most
cafes offer a huge assortment,
all of which must be made fresh
and kept well stocked by staff.
“Many customers spend hours
in a cafe, especially one's which
offers wireless Internet, and
these customers may purchase
a minimal amount of food and
drinks, often sticking to the
cafe's stated minimum for table
occupancy, if there is one. When
turnover in a cafe is low, the
cafe attempts to make up for it
by pricing its food and drink,”
Abbas explained
Even with all the excuses the
cafe runners make, the student
Kareem says the price of food
and drinks are still extremely
expensive and need to be fixed.
Zakaria Muhammed
Erbil
zakaria.kurdishGlobe
@gmail.com