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For example, bachelor’s graduates working full-time on average earned $71,000 in 2005 compared to about $41,000 for high school and trade school graduates, $51,000 for registered apprentices, and $48,000 per year for other college and CEGEP graduates. Earnings for those with graduate degrees were higher still: approximately $89,000 for those with a master’s degree, $94,000 for doctoral graduates, and an average of $152,000 for medical doctors, dentists and veterinarians. As Figure 39 illustrates, these differences are all significantly higher than those of graduates educated abroad. This higher advantage further enhances the lifetime earnings advantage for Canadian-educated graduates. Typically, income increases rapidly in the early stages of one’s career (between the age of 25 and 34), and then flattens. University graduates generally see their income increase more rapidly at the outset of their career and for a longer period during their career than those with less education. In fact, the Census illustrates the income advantage for university graduates widens quite significantly with age and experience, compared to all other education levels. For example, the average income for those with university degrees – bachelor’s, master’s or PhD’s – was more than twice the Canadian average income for high school graduates working full-time between the ages of 55 and 64. Over the course of a 40-year working life, the accumulated average income advantage for a bachelor’s graduate is about $1.3 million above the earnings of the typical high school graduate. 32 This income advantage between a university graduate and a high school graduate reflects the higher value that employers place on employees with additional education. Statistics Canada’s annual Labour Force Survey confirms that, even during the recession in 2008 and 2009, the relative income advantage for university graduates had been maintained since the release of the 2006 Census. Of course not every graduate can expect to accumulate these kinds of advantages. Average income varies widely across different areas TABLE 3: Canadian university graduates have a greater lifetime earning advantage Level of education Average annual earnings (2005) Accumulated income advantage over high school graduate High school certificate or equivalent $ 41,200 Baseline Comparator Trades certificate or diploma $ 40,600 $ (70,000) Registered Apprenticeship certificate $ 51,000 $ 340,000 Total College or CEGEP $ 48,200 $ 280,000 Bachelor’s degree (s) (including LL.B.) $ 71,300 $ 1,320,000 Master’s degree (s) $ 89,000 $ 1,800,000 Earned doctorate $ 94,200 $ 1,830,000 Medical, dental, veterinary medicine or optometry $ 151,600 $ 4,260,000 Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population 42 | Trends in Higher Education | Volume 1. Enrolment AUCC
Income difference relative to high school g Master’s degree Bachelor’s degree of specialization. Total college or In 2005, the average income for a bachelor’s CEGEP graduate in the visual and performing Earned arts was outside approximately Canada $45,000, Registered while average income for bachelor’s Earned in Canada graduates in apprenticeship engineering certificate and applied sciences was a little more than $90,000. Similar Trades differences certificate exist across disciplines for college and CEGEP or diploma graduates. The lowest earnings for college or CEGEP graduates in visual -25% and performing 0% 25% arts, education 50% and 75% social 100% sciences 125% were Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census around $40,000. The highest average earnings were close to $60,000, and were in engineering and related technologies. At the same time, while lower paying disciplines are still higher than the incomes of high school graduates, it is important to note that income is not the ultimate motivation for all students. Many are motivated by intrinsic values, such as the love for music or the arts. Average earnings $40,000 $20,000 16% 14% 12% Registered Trades cert 10% High schoo $0 25-to-34 years 35-to-44 years 45-to-54 years 8% 55-to-64 years 6% Master's degree Registered Apprenticeship 4% certificate Total College or Bachelor's degree 2% CEGEP 0% Trades certificate Earned doctorate 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 or diploma High school certificate Some secondary or equivalent University degree – Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census bachelor’s University graduates are far less likely than individuals with less education to experience any period of low income. From 2002 to 2007, 89 percent of university graduates had not had any years with low income. This compares to fewer than 80 percent of individuals who had not completed any postsecondary studies and 83 percent of those who had competed college or trade certificates. Five percent of people who had gone beyond high school had persistent low income levels, while two percent of college or trade graduates and just 1.1 percent of university graduates had persistently low income levels lasting over a period of five or six years. University graduates are also less likely to confront labour disruptions. They have lower unemployment rates both in strong Unemployment rates by educ Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Su FIGURE XX: University gradu large share a income taxes an government transfers Average earnings full-time, full-year work $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 FIGURE 40: The earning premium for a university graduate educated in Canada increases with age and work experience 25-to-34 years Master's degree Total College or CEGEP Trades certificate or diploma 35-to-44 years High school certificate or equivalent 45-to-54 years Bachelor's degree Earned doctorate 55-to-64 years Registered Apprenticeship certificate Average income full-time, full year work, 2005 $100,000 Earned doctorate Master's degree $80,000 Bachelor's degree $60,000 Total College or CEGEP Registered Apprenticeship $40,000 certificate Trades certificate or diploma $20,000 High school certificate or equivalent $0 FIGURE 41: Average income varies widely by area of specialization for graduates from Canadian postsecondary institutions % of income tax Total – Major field of study Bachelor’s income College CEGEP income Education Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies Humanities Social and behavioural sciences and law Business, management and public administration % of government transfers Physical and life sciences and technologies Mathematics, computer and information sciences % of earnings % of persons Architecture, engineering, and related technologies Agriculture, natural resources and conservation Health, parks, recreation and fitness Personal, protective and transportation services 0% 10% 20 Less than high schoo Some postsecondary Trades , vocatioanl, a Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census AUCC Trends in Higher Education | Volume 1. Enrolment | 43
Page 1 and 2: Trends in Higher Education Volume 1
Page 3 and 4: Introduction ......................
Page 5 and 6: Introduction In 2010, there were al
Page 7 and 8: FIGURE 1: Since 1980, full-time stu
Page 9 and 10: Growth was widespread across most d
Page 11 and 12: Graduate enrolment 100,000 90,000 8
Page 14 and 15: Undergradua Source: Statistics Cana
Page 16 and 17: PhD tudents 2005 Mathematics, Compu
Page 18 and 19: Based on recent trends, it is very
Page 20 and 21: Social, cultural, economic and geog
Page 22 and 23: Drivers of change 22 | Trends in Hi
Page 24 and 25: Demographic trends FIGURE 18: Shift
Page 26 and 27: 2010 2036 2034 2032 2030 2028 2010
Page 28 and 29: Source: Statistics Canada data and
Page 30 and 31: 30 | Trends in Higher Education | V
Page 32 and 33: s 2009 Manitoba wfoundland and Labr
Page 34 and 35: s TABLE 2: From 2004 to 2010, emplo
Page 36 and 37: ating more tions y iploma If Canada
Page 38 and 39: ds will grow further people expecte
Page 40 and 41: A high quality learning experience
Page 44 and 45: of low income ploma a 10 1995 2000
Page 46 and 47: TABLE 4: Education generates broade
Page 48 and 49: Proportion of 45-to-54 year-olds wi
Page 50 and 51: Canada $20,000 Full-time students a
Page 52 and 53: NGS NGS NGS Source: AUCC using Stat
Page 54 and 55: other students, and participating i
Page 56 and 57: Enrolment growth scenarios The prec
Page 58 and 59: 400,000 200,000 However, with the s
Page 60 and 61: the majority of youth from completi
Page 62 and 63: to the American Council on Educatio
Page 64 and 65: Belgium Israel Germany Estonia Aust
Page 66 and 67: List of figures Figure 1: Since 198
Page 68 and 69: References All data not referenced
Page 70: of the system to meet the needs of

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