Enrolment
Introduction In 2010, there were almost 1.2 million students in degree programs on Canadian campuses: 755,000 undergraduates, 143,400 graduate students studying full-time, and an additional 275,800 students studying part-time. Fifty-six percent of university students were women, and 10 percent were international students. The number of full-time university students has more than doubled since 1980, and part-time <strong>enrolment</strong> is up 16 percent. In 1980, there were 550,000 full-time and 218,000 part-time university students on Canadian campuses. Clearly, universities have experienced tremendous growth over the last 30 years. So what has driven growth in university <strong>enrolment</strong>? Demography has not been a principal driver of this change. Indeed, there were about three percent fewer youth in the key 18-to-24 age range in 2010 than in 1980. The demand for a highly skilled and educated labour force has been a principal driver in the growth of university participation rates. Since the 1970s, a profound change has been taking place in the labour market. Canada has shifted from a resource-based economy to a service-based one, resulting in a different mix of jobs available for Canadians. The fastest growing occupations are now in Canada’s service sector, which grew from 6 million jobs in 1975 to more than 13 million jobs in 2010. In the last 20 years alone, there were 1.5 million new jobs for professional and management occupations in Canada, of which 1.3 million were filled by university graduates. This shift to a service sector economy has created high-paying, quality jobs. By comparison, jobs have grown at a much slower pace in many other occupations, and jobs for people who have a high school diploma or less are disappearing. The growth in university <strong>enrolment</strong> is evidence that students are responding to changes in the labour market, and that universities, in turn, are responding to students. Universities have more than doubled their capacity in the last 30 years, and continue to introduce new programs that meet student demand. Growing demand for university education has reinforced and increased the value of a university degree both to the individual graduate and to society in general. As the Drivers of Change section of Trends illustrates, Census data confirms that university graduates see their income increase more rapidly and consistently throughout their careers. University graduates also experience fewer and shorter periods of unemployment, volunteer more, and are more engaged in their social and political activities. University graduates pay a greater proportion of taxes, and draw less frequently on social services, enabling governments to provide more services to all Canadians. Can we expect these <strong>trends</strong> to continue? Demographic projections suggest Canada will not be able to rely on population growth to fuel our economy in the coming decade. By 2030, the population over the age of 65 will double, while the working age population (25-64 years of age) will grow by just eight percent. There will simply not be enough population growth to drive the kinds of increases in the overall size of our labour force that would be needed to support an increasingly dependent, aging population. Canadians are in for a major demographic shift. To respond to the anticipated economic, social and labour market demands resulting from this demographic shift, universities will need to both expand access to higher education for untapped segments of the population and international students, and increase the quality of education students receive. Enhancing the quality of university education by providing more interactive and engaging learning experiences is consistent with improved academic performance, knowledge acquisition and skills development. In short, a high quality learning experience produces more engaged and productive students, who, upon graduation, become Canada’s future lawyers, doctors, teachers, thinkers, scientists, managers, leaders and innovators. AUCC Trends in Higher Education | Volume 1. Enrolment | 5
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Enrolment growth scenarios The prec
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List of figures Figure 1: Since 198
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References All data not referenced
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of the system to meet the needs of