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v2009.01.01 - Convex Optimization

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Chapter 5<br />

Euclidean Distance Matrix<br />

These results [(817)] were obtained by Schoenberg (1935), a<br />

surprisingly late date for such a fundamental property of<br />

Euclidean geometry.<br />

−John Clifford Gower [136,3]<br />

By itself, distance information between many points in Euclidean space is<br />

lacking. We might want to know more; such as, relative or absolute position<br />

or dimension of some hull. A question naturally arising in some fields<br />

(e.g., geodesy, economics, genetics, psychology, biochemistry, engineering)<br />

[88] asks what facts can be deduced given only distance information. What<br />

can we know about the underlying points that the distance information<br />

purports to describe? We also ask what it means when given distance<br />

information is incomplete; or suppose the distance information is not reliable,<br />

available, or specified only by certain tolerances (affine inequalities). These<br />

questions motivate a study of interpoint distance, well represented in any<br />

spatial dimension by a simple matrix from linear algebra. 5.1 In what follows,<br />

we will answer some of these questions via Euclidean distance matrices.<br />

5.1 e.g.,<br />

◦√<br />

D ∈ R N×N , a classical two-dimensional matrix representation of absolute<br />

interpoint distance because its entries (in ordered rows and columns) can be written neatly<br />

on a piece of paper. Matrix D will be reserved throughout to hold distance-square.<br />

2001 Jon Dattorro. CO&EDG version 2009.01.01. All rights reserved.<br />

Citation: Jon Dattorro, <strong>Convex</strong> <strong>Optimization</strong> & Euclidean Distance Geometry,<br />

Meboo Publishing USA, 2005.<br />

345

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