10.03.2015 Views

Economic Models - Convex Optimization

Economic Models - Convex Optimization

Economic Models - Convex Optimization

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

A Novel Method of Estimation Under Co-Integration 41<br />

Due to the properties of SVD, we can easily and directly include in the<br />

co-integrating vectors, as many deterministic components as we want to.<br />

Besides, we found that the errors corresponding to the finally selected cointegration<br />

vector, are characterized by the minimum variance property. It<br />

should be noted that the procedure proposed here is not mentioned in the<br />

relevant literature.<br />

Further, we analyzed the stages of a relevant technique to obtain reliable<br />

results regarding the order of integration of a given series provided that<br />

it is DSS. We also demonstrated the properties of the so-called near integrated<br />

series, which can be traced by applying this technique. It should be<br />

emphasized that with this kind of series (NI), we show that the conventional<br />

methods for unit root test may produce faulty results.<br />

References<br />

Banerjee, A, JJ Dolado, JW Galbraith and DF Hendry (1993). Co-integration, Error Correction,<br />

and the Econometric Analysis of Non-Stationary Data. New York: Oxford<br />

University Press.<br />

Dickey, DA and WA Fuller (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series<br />

with a unit root. Econometrica 49, 1057–1072.<br />

Dickey, DA, DW Jansen and DL Thornton (1994). A primer on cointegration with an application<br />

to money and income. In Cointegration for the Applied Economist, BB Rao<br />

(ed.), UK: St. Martin’s Press, 9–45.<br />

Enders, W (1995). Applied Econometrics Time Series. New York: John Wiley.<br />

Harris, R (1995). Using Cointegration Analysis in Econometric Modelling. London: Prentice<br />

Hall.<br />

Holden, D and R Perman (1994). Unit roots and cointegration for the economist. In Cointegration<br />

for the Applied Economist, BB Rao (ed.), UK: St. Martin’s Press, 47–112.<br />

Johansen, S and K Juselius (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration<br />

with application to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of <strong>Economic</strong>s and<br />

Statistics 52, 169–210.<br />

Johnston, J and J DiNardo (1997). Econometric <strong>Models</strong>. New York: McGraw-Hill International.<br />

Kleibergen, F and V Dijk (1994). Direct cointegration testing in error correction models.<br />

Journal of Econometrics 63, 61–103.<br />

Lazaridis, A and D Basu (1983). Stochastic optimal control by pseudo-inverse. Review of<br />

<strong>Economic</strong>s and Statistics 65(2), 347–350.<br />

Lazaridis, A (1986). A note regarding the problem of perfect multicollinearity. Quantity and<br />

Quality 120, 297–306.<br />

McKinnon, J (1991). Critical values for co-integration tests. In Long-Run <strong>Economic</strong> Relationships,<br />

RF Engle and CWJ Granger (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press.<br />

Perron, P and T Vogelsang (1992a). Nonstationarity and level shifts with an application<br />

to purchasing power parity. Journal of Business and <strong>Economic</strong> Statistics 10,<br />

301–320.

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!