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Economic Models - Convex Optimization

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220 Athanasios Athanasenas<br />

run, credit causes money income. From my co-integration analysis, I found<br />

that the adjustment coefficient is significant and its value (−0.0879), gives a<br />

satisfactory percentage, regarding the money income convergence towards<br />

a long-run equilibrium.<br />

Moreover, we observe a causality effect from income changes to credit<br />

changes, in the short run for the post-war US economy. The validity of<br />

the credit view theorists seems rather evident, by taking into account the<br />

contemporary co-integration and system stability approaches.<br />

Further, in terms of reasonable research implications, following our<br />

contemporary co-integration and system stability approaches, we may<br />

stress the need for an in-depth investigation of the credit cycle and fluctuations<br />

in commercial credit standards. 13<br />

References<br />

Angeloni, I, KA Kashyap and B Mojon (2003). Monetary Policy Transmission in the Euro<br />

Area. Part 4, Chap. 24 NY: Cambridge University Press.<br />

Arestis, P and P Demetriades (1997). Financial development and economic growth: assessing<br />

the evidence. The <strong>Economic</strong> Journal 107, 783–799.<br />

Arestis, P, PO Demetriades and KB Luintel (2001). Financial development and economic<br />

growth: the results of stock markets. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 33(1),<br />

16–41.<br />

Bernanke, SB (1983). Non-monetary effects of the financial crisis in the propagation of the<br />

great depression. American <strong>Economic</strong> Review 73(3), 257–276.<br />

Bernanke, SB (1988). Monetary policy transmission: through money or credit? Business<br />

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Bernanke, SB and H James (1991). The gold standard, deflation, and financial crisis in the<br />

great depression: an International comparison. In Financial Markets and Financial<br />

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13 See, for example, Lown and Morgan (2006), for parallel research on commercial credit<br />

standards, following “traditional” VAR analysis.

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