The influence of textured surfaces of solar cells and modules on the ...
The influence of textured surfaces of solar cells and modules on the ...
The influence of textured surfaces of solar cells and modules on the ...
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pyramid structured Albarino P, because <strong>the</strong> pyramids<br />
effectively shorten <strong>the</strong> optical path <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> effect <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong><br />
reduced IR absorpti<strong>on</strong> is decreased drastically.<br />
rel. anual energy yield<br />
104%<br />
104%<br />
103%<br />
103%<br />
102%<br />
102%<br />
101%<br />
101%<br />
100%<br />
100%<br />
99%<br />
Q6M m<strong>on</strong>o<br />
Q6L multi<br />
Diamant Albarino T Albarino P<br />
cover glass type<br />
Figure 8: Relative annual yields for all systems at<br />
Frankfurt am Main, oriented to <strong>the</strong> south with 30° tilt<br />
angle<br />
In summary, no differences in <strong>the</strong> energy vields were<br />
observed for different surface texturisati<strong>on</strong> for <strong>the</strong> sample<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>cells</str<strong>on</strong>g> used, which were chosen to range from a nearly<br />
n<strong>on</strong>-<str<strong>on</strong>g>textured</str<strong>on</strong>g> surface (multi) to a very effectively <str<strong>on</strong>g>textured</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
(m<strong>on</strong>o) surface. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> angle dependence <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> Isc is<br />
mainly affected by <strong>the</strong> texturisati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> glass <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> its<br />
infrared absorpti<strong>on</strong>. For <strong>the</strong> Diamant cover glass, this<br />
result was c<strong>on</strong>firmed by comparing energy yield data<br />
from <strong>the</strong> ro<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> top system at Q-Cells AG in Thalheim,<br />
Germany, for module strings with multi- <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
m<strong>on</strong>ocrystalline <str<strong>on</strong>g>cells</str<strong>on</strong>g>. No significant differences in <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
energy yields were observed for <strong>the</strong> period from February<br />
to May 2005 inside <strong>the</strong> tolerances <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> m<strong>on</strong>itoring<br />
system.<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> annual angular reflecti<strong>on</strong> losses, i.e. <strong>the</strong> effect <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
<strong>the</strong> angle dependence <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> calculated annual yield, is<br />
-10% for <strong>the</strong> Q6M Diamant system, while -3% to -4%<br />
was reported earlier for comparable <str<strong>on</strong>g>modules</str<strong>on</strong>g> in Europe<br />
[3]. This is due to <strong>the</strong> str<strong>on</strong>ger angle dependence found<br />
for <strong>the</strong> outdoor measurements. Fur<strong>the</strong>r verificati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> this<br />
measurements <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> its correcti<strong>on</strong> are necessary to clarify<br />
this deviati<strong>on</strong>.<br />
6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
We would like to thank U. Blieske, N.-P. Harder, U.<br />
Blieske <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> F. Best from Saint-Gobain Glass<br />
Deutschl<str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> for fruitful discussi<strong>on</strong>s, glass samples <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
additi<strong>on</strong>al measurements, B. Michaelis for performing<br />
most <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> indoor measurements, S. Lehmann for <strong>the</strong><br />
outdoor measurements <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sol<strong>on</strong> Mover in Adlersh<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
Berlin, M. Mette for <strong>the</strong> data evaluati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> ro<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> top<br />
system at Q-Cells AG <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Pr<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>. H.-G. Beyer from <strong>the</strong> FH<br />
Magdeburg-Stendal for <strong>the</strong> simulati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> annual yield<br />
data <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> basis <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> angle dependent Isc<br />
measurements with <strong>the</strong> simulati<strong>on</strong> s<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>tware INSEL as<br />
distributed by <strong>the</strong> company Doppelintegral in Stuttgart,<br />
Germany.<br />
7 REFERENCES<br />
[1] P. Grunow, S. Lust, D. Sauter, V. H<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fmann, C.<br />
Beneking; B.Litzenburger, L.Podlowski, Proc. <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong><br />
19th PVSEC, Paris (2004) S. 2190 <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> H.<br />
Müllejans, A. R. Burgers, R. Kenny, E. D. Dunlop,<br />
Proc. <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> 19th PVSEC, Paris (2004) S. 2455<br />
[2] Y. Hishikawa, K. Morita , Proc. <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> 3rd PV World<br />
C<strong>on</strong>ference, Osaka, (2003)<br />
[3] N. Martin, M.Ruiz Int. J. <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Solar Energy, 2002,<br />
Vol.22(1),pp.19–31<br />
[4] K. Bücher; True Module Rating; Proc. <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> 13th<br />
PVSEC, Nizza, France (1995)<br />
[5] IEC/TC82/WG2 working draft IEC 61853, Oktober<br />
(2003)<br />
[6] U. Blieske, T. Doege, P. Gayout, M. Ne<str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g>er, D.<br />
Neumann, A. Prat, “Light-trapping in <str<strong>on</strong>g>solar</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>modules</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
using extra-white <str<strong>on</strong>g>textured</str<strong>on</strong>g> glass” Proc. <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> 3rd PV<br />
World C<strong>on</strong>ference, Osaka, (2003), p. 188- 191 Vol.1.<br />
[7] P. Grunow, D. Sauter, V. H<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fmann, D. Huljić, B.<br />
Litzenburger, L. Podlowski, 20 th Symposium<br />
Photovoltaische Solarenergie, Bad Staffelstein,<br />
(2005), p. 367.<br />
5 CONCLUSION<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> experimental c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s for angle dependent Isc<br />
measurements are very difficult to c<strong>on</strong>trol for indoor<br />
measurements. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>refore <strong>on</strong>ly relative variati<strong>on</strong>s <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong><br />
angle dependence are used from indoor measurements<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> an outdoor measurement <strong>on</strong> an identical system is<br />
used as a reference st<str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g>ard.<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> angle dependence <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> Isc was taken into<br />
account in <strong>the</strong> calculati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> annual yield by<br />
modifying <strong>the</strong> local annual irradiati<strong>on</strong> data from<br />
METEONORM according to <strong>the</strong> sun height (hs) <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
azimuth (Az).<br />
Pyramid-like structured glass leads to 3.5% more<br />
annual energy yield compared to flat glass due to an<br />
improved angle dependence <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> Isc.<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> texturisati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>cells</str<strong>on</strong>g> shows n<strong>on</strong>e or very little<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>influence</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> annual yield for flat <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> pyramid-like<br />
structured glass. Glass with low infrared absorpti<strong>on</strong> is<br />
beneficial for <strong>the</strong> angle dependence <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>the</strong> Isc especially<br />
for <str<strong>on</strong>g>cells</str<strong>on</strong>g> with improved spectral resp<strong>on</strong>se in <strong>the</strong> infrared.