Mechanical APDL Basic Analysis Guide - Ansys

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Chapter 2: Loading 2.5.7.6. Using Surface Effect Elements to Apply Loads Occasionally, you may need to apply a surface load that the element type you are using does not accept. For example, you may need to apply uniform tangential (or any non-normal or directed) pressures on structural solid elements, radiation specifications on thermal solid elements, etc. In such cases, you can overlay the surface where you want to apply the load with surface effect elements and use them as a "conduit" to apply the desired loads. Currently, the following surface effect elements are available: SURF151 and SURF153 for 2-D models and SURF152, SURF154, SURF156, and SURF159 for 3-D models. 2.5.8. Applying Body Loads Table 2.7: Body Loads Available in Each Discipline (p. 40) shows all body loads available in each discipline and their corresponding ANSYS labels. The commands to apply, list, and delete body loads are shown in Table 2.8: Commands for Applying Body Loads (p. 40). You can apply them at nodes, elements, keypoints, lines, areas, and volumes. Table 2.7 Body Loads Available in Each Discipline Discipline Body Load Structural Temperature TEMP[1 (p. 40)] Frequency FREQ2 (p. 40) Fluence FLUE Thermal Heat Generation Rate HGEN Magnetic Temperature TEMP[1 (p. 40)] Current Density JS Virtual Displacement MVDI Voltage Drop VLTG Electric Temperature TEMP[1 (p. 40)] Volume Charge Density CHRGD Fluid Heat Generation Rate HGEN Force Density FORC 1. Do not confuse this with the TEMP degree of freedom. 2. Frequency (FREQ) is available for harmonic analyses only. Table 2.8 Commands for Applying Body Loads Nodes Elements Keypoints Lines Areas Volumes Transfer Location <strong>Basic</strong> Commands BF, BFLIST, BFDELE BFE, BFELIST, BFEDELE BFK, BFKLIST, BFKDELE BFL, BFLLIST, BFLDELE BFA, BFALIST, BFADELE BFV, BFVLIST, BFVDELE BFTRAN ANSYS Label Additional Commands BFSCALE, BFCUM, BFUNIF BFESCAL, BFECUM For the particular body loads that you can apply, list or delete with any of the commands listed in Table 2.8: Commands for Applying Body Loads (p. 40), see the Command Reference 40 Release 13.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. - - - - -
Below are examples of some of the GUI paths to use for applying body loads: GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> load type> On Nodes Utility Menu> List> Loads> Body> On Picked Elems Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> load type> On Keypoints Utility Menu> List> Loads> Body> On Picked Lines Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> load type> On Volumes See the Command Reference for descriptions of the commands listed in Table 2.8: Commands for Applying Body Loads (p. 40). Note Body loads you specify on nodes are independent of those specified on elements. For a given element, ANSYS determines which loads to use as follows: • It checks to see if you specified elements for body loads. • If not, it uses body loads specified for nodes. • If no body loads exist for elements or nodes, the body loads specified via the BFUNIF command take effect. 2.5.8.1. Specifying Body Loads for Elements The BFE command specifies body loads on an element-by-element basis. However, you can specify body loads at several locations on an element, requiring multiple load values for one element. The locations used vary from element type to element type, as shown in the examples that follow. The defaults (for locations where no body loads are specified) also vary from element type to element type. Therefore, be sure to refer to the element documentation online or in the Element Reference before you specify body loads on elements. • For 2-D and 3-D solid elements (PLANEnnn and SOLIDnnn), the locations for body loads are usually the corner nodes. Figure 2.12 BFE Load Locations For 2-D and 3-D Solids • For shell elements (SHELLnnn), the locations for body loads are usually the "pseudo-nodes" at the top and bottom planes, as shown below. Release 13.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. 2.5.8. Applying Body Loads 41
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ANSYS Mechanical APDL Basic Analysi
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Table of Contents 1. Getting Starte
Page 5 and 6: 2.8.4.3. Define Material Properties
Page 7 and 8: 7.2.1.6. Particle Flow and Charged
Page 9 and 10: 10. Getting Started with Graphics .
Page 11 and 12: 13.2.4.1.Turning Load Symbols and C
Page 13 and 14: 20.8. Reviewing Contents of Binary
Page 15 and 16: List of Tables 2.1. DOF Constraints
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1: Getting Started with ANS
Page 19 and 20: shown below define two element type
Page 21 and 22: You can choose constant, isotropic,
Page 23 and 24: You can save linear material proper
Page 25 and 26: Figure 1.4 Material Model Interface
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1.7 Data Input Dialog Box -
Page 29 and 30: The first example below is intended
Page 31 and 32: 9. Click on OK. The dialog box clos
Page 33 and 34: 1.1.4.9. Reading a Material Library
Page 35 and 36: If you are performing a static or f
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 2: Loading The primary obje
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.2 Transient Load History C
Page 41 and 42: The arc-length method is an advance
Page 43 and 44: • Transferred solid loads will re
Page 45 and 46: Note If the node rotation angles th
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.7 Scaling Temperature Cons
Page 49 and 50: Below are examples of some of the G
Page 51 and 52: Utility Menu> List> Loads> Surface>
Page 53 and 54: Figure 2.9 Example of Surface Load
Page 55: the shell, and 270° to 360° for t
Page 59 and 60: Figure 2.15 Transfers to BFK Loads
Page 61 and 62: CASE C: At least one BFV, BFA, or B
Page 63 and 64: A handy way to specify density so t
Page 65 and 66: For more information, see Initial S
Page 67 and 68: Boundary Condition Heat Flux Film C
Page 69 and 70: This problem consists of a thermal-
Page 71 and 72: 2.6. Specifying Load Step Options A
Page 73 and 74: - All loads changed in later load s
Page 75 and 76: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Loa
Page 77 and 78: Command GUI Menu Paths Main Menu> S
Page 79 and 80: ! Load Step 1: D, ... ! Loads SF, .
Page 81 and 82: Modeling> Create> Elements> Auto Nu
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2.22 Pretension Section Samp
Page 85 and 86: cylind,0.35,1, 0.75,1, 0,180 wpstyl
Page 87 and 88: 11. Select Utility Menu> PlotCtrls>
Page 89 and 90: 24. Select Utility Menu> Plot> Comp
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 3: Using the Function Tool
Page 93 and 94: Hint: A common error is a divide-by
Page 95 and 96: 3.3. Using the Function Loader When
Page 97 and 98: 2. Define the convection boundary c
Page 99 and 100: 7. Optional: Enter comments for thi
Page 101 and 102: 3.6.1. Graphing a Function From the
Page 103 and 104: Chapter 4: Initial State The term i
Page 105 and 106: inis,defi,,,1,,100,200,150 inis,def
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applies an equal stress of SX = 100
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4.7.2. Example: Initial Stress Prob
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inis,defi,all,all,all,all,0.1,,, in
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Chapter 5: Solution In the solution
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Solver Typical Applications * In to
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used. Running the distributed spars
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With all iterative solvers, be part
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5.3.3. Disk Space (I/O) and Postpro
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If your analysis is either static o
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Note Whether you make changes to on
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Figure 5.2 PGR File Options From th
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GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Current L
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Figure 5.3 Examples of Time-Varying
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Requirements for Performing an Anal
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*dim,temtbl,table,4,1,,time ! Defin
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5.9.1.1.1. Multiframe Restart Limit
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prnsol finish 5.9.2. VT Accelerator
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5.12. Stopping Solution After Matri
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Chapter 6: An Overview of Postproce
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each element. Derived data are also
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Chapter 7: The General Postprocesso
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Although not required for postproce
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The ETABLE command documentation li
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• Path plots • Reaction force d
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The PLETAB command contours data st
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PLDISP,1 ! Deformed shape superimpo
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7.2.1.6. Particle Flow and Charged
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• Particle flow traces occasional
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The surfaces you create fall into t
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You can opt to archive all defined
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19 41.811 51.777 .00000E+00 -66.760
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Sample PRETAB and SSUM Output *****
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7.2.5. Mapping Results onto a Path
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Command(s): PDEF GUI: Main Menu> Ge
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To retrieve path information from a
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7.2.6. Estimating Solution Error On
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Write Results - You can use the dat
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NOTE: When you append data to your
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EMF - Windows Enhanced Metafile For
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Figure 7.20 The PGR File Options Di
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7.4.8. Comparing Nodal Solutions Fr
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the effect of the rigid body rotati
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The SADD command (Main Menu> Genera
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To view correct mid-surface results
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To get usable results combine the r
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7.4.4. Mapping Results onto a Diffe
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• EMF (Main Menu> General Postpro
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7.4.8.1. Matching the Nodes The Mec
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7.4.8. Comparing Nodal Solutions Fr
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Chapter 8: The Time-History Postpro
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enables the alternate selections sh
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1. Click on the Add Data button. Re
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APPEND Appends data to previously s
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!derivative of variable 2 with resp
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The above command assumes that you
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When plotting complex data such as
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Sample Output from EXTREM time-hist
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5. Select the variables to be opera
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RESP requires two previously define
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Chapter 9: Selecting and Components
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Note Crossover commands for selecti
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would put UX and UZ constraints on
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The Command Reference describes the
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Chapter 10: Getting Started with Gr
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Remote Network Access Hidden Line R
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10.4.1. Adjusting Input Focus To en
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• If the environment variable SB_
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10.5.5. Erasing the Current Display
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Chapter 11: General Graphics Specif
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11.3.1. Changing the Viewing Direct
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11.4. Controlling Miscellaneous Tex
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11.4.3. Controlling the Location of
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Chapter 12: PowerGraphics Two metho
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The subgrid approach affects both t
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Chapter 13: Creating Geometry Displ
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Figure 13.1 Element Plot of SOLID65
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13.2.1.12. Vector Versus Raster Mod
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Figure 13.2 Create Best Quality Ima
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13.2.3.2. Choosing a Format for the
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Chapter 14: Creating Geometric Resu
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Figure 14.2 A Typical ANSYS Results
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• Changing the contour interval.
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14.5. Isosurface Techniques Isosurf
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Chapter 15: Creating Graphs If you
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Establishing separate Y-axis scales
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15.2.3.5. Defining the TIME (or, Fo
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Chapter 16: Annotation A common ste
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16.3. 3-D Annotation 3-D text and g
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Chapter 17: Animation Animation is
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• ANMODE (Utility Menu> PlotCtrls
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Figure 17.2 The Animation Controlle
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Note If you are doing animation fro
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Chapter 18: External Graphics Besid
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18.1.4. Exporting Graphics in UNIX
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Note The commands discussed in this
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18.3.6. Editing the Neutral Graphic
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Chapter 19: The Report Generator Th
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2. Specify a caption for the captur
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19.4.1.1. Creating a Custom Table I
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Table ID 46 47 48 Description Compo
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Button or Field DYNAMIC DATA REPORT
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The HTML tag to begin JavaScript co
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listingName A unique listing name a
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Chapter 20: File Management and Fil
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20.4. Text Versus Binary Files Depe
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Identifier ELEM EMAT ERR ESAV FATG
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20.4.3. File Compression Many file
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You can also redirect graphics outp
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Chapter 21: Memory Management and C
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21.3.3. Changing Database Space Fro
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Figure 21.4 Dividing Work Space ANS
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NUM_BUFR is the number of buffers p
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een chosen for efficient running of
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Index Symbols 3-D graphics devices,
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path plots, 142 POST26 graphs, 200
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fatigue graphs, 257 files, 277 focu
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material model interface, 8 materia
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multiframe, 117 restarting an analy
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WINDOW command, 227 Windows graphic
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