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[Ni] (mg/L) flow rate (mL/min) [Ni] (mg/L) flow rate (mL/min) water concentration was not reached in the effluent during both watering periods. The peaks in Ca, S, and Mg concentrations in C4 effluent appears to be smoother than for C1. The slightly lower flowrate and slightly different physical properties of its waste rock may be responsible, at least in part, for the different shape of its concentration spikes. Ca, S, and Mg concentrations in the effluent rose during the first watering period, reaching approximately half of the input water concentration. When watering stopped, the Ca, S and Mg concentration steadily decreased, until the second water period. The concentrations in the effluent were higher than during the first watering period, but lower than the input water concentration. The concentration in the effluent slowly decreased once watering stopped. 4.4 Co concentrations Figure 11 presents the evolution of the cobalt concentrations in the effluent of cell C4. For C1, the Co concentrations were below the detection limit (
Mg concentration (mg/L) Concentration (mg/L) Mg concentration (mg/L) Concentration (mg/L) Co concentration (mg/L) 350 300 250 Figure 10: Mg concentration in C4 effluent (points). Solid line indicates input water concentration. 0,6 200 150 100 50 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Time (hours) Figure 7: Ca and S concentration in C1 effluent (points). Solid line indicates input water concentration. Ca S Input Ca Input S 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 0 20 40 60 80 Time (hours) Co Input Co 70 60 Figure 11: Co concentration in C4 effluent (points). Solid line indicates input water concentration. 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Time (hours) Figure 8: Mg concentration in C1 effluent (points). Solid line indicates input water concentration. 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 20 40 60 80 Time (hours) Figure 9: Ca and S concentration in C4 effluent (points). Solid line indicates input water concentration. 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 Time (hours) Mg Input Mg Ca S Input Ca Input S Mg Input Mg 5 INTERPRETATION 5.1 Dispersion behaviour The retention test performed on both cells can be related to a tracer test in which the tracer is the input water. Therefore, the evolution of most metal concentrations in the effluents of C1 and C4 can be attributed to a typical plug-flow reactor with some degree of back-mixing (or dispersion; Levenspiel, 1972). To normalize the data, the fractional concentration F t was calculated using: F t = C t/C 0 [1] Where C t is the concentration at time t and C 0 is the concentration in the input water. It is presented in Figures 12 and 13 for C1 and C4 respectively. Ft 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time (hours) Figure 12: Fractional concentrations in C1 effluent Ca Co Mg S Ni
Page 1 and 2: Field retention tests to evaluate n
Page 3: Container pH ORP Ni (colorimetry) N
Page 7: % of total Ni therefore Ca and S sh

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