Evidence on the Adequacy of First Nations Consultation - BC Hydro ...

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DRAFT REPORT: Rights and Title Interests in the Columbia Valley Transmission Project Area 4.1.3 KNC Relations with the Kinbasket Shuswap The Ktunaxa are of the opinion that “Ktunaxa leadership allowed the Shuswap Kinbasket people to stay in Ktunaxa territory.” For support of this position the Ktunaxa point to earlier territorial claims made by Chief Isidore of the “Upper Kootenay” during his 1884 meeting with Indian Commissioner Peter O’Reilly: The Chief stated, again and again, that he would not accept any limits to his reservation, unless they included the whole valley of the Kootenay, and Columbia rivers, (from the International boundary line) and followed the base of the Rocky Mountains to the Boat Landing on the Columbia River. 279 Chief Isidore claimed the most eastern valley of the Columbia, the area upstream (i.e., southeast) from Boat Encampment, and east to the Rocky Mountains, and as such would include the Columbia Valley Transmission Project lands. In July 1884, Sub-chief David of Tobacco Plains presented a more conservative statement on the extent of territory and claimed “the whole country from the boundary line to the Columbia Lakes.” 280 The extent of the lands delineated by this sub-chief would include the Columbia Valley Transmission Project lands. It is the contemporary position of the Shuswap Indian Band that a geographical division exists between the Shuswap Indian Band and the Columbia Lake Band of the Ktunaxa in terms and land and resource use: From the interviews done for the Kenpesq’t [Kinbasket] TLUS, its seems that while the Kootenay and Kenpesq’t territories may have overlapped and been willingly shared at times, the general consensus was that the Kootenay use was concentrated from the Akisq’nik [Columbia Lake 279 Letter of 16 December 1884 from Indian Reserve Commissioner Peter O’Reilly to the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa [re: summer 1884 meeting to set aside Indian Reserves for the Upper Kootenay Indians]. Federal Collection, Indian Reserve Commission Minutes of Decision, Correspondence and Sketches, Volume 10, page 30. Copy held by the Indian Lands Registry, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. BC Regional Office, Vancouver. 280 Letter of 16 December 1884 from Indian Reserve Commissioner Peter O’Reilly to the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa [re: summer 1884 meeting to set aside Indian Reserves for the Upper Kootenay Indians]. Federal Collection, Indian Reserve Commission Minutes of Decision, Correspondence and Sketches, Volume 10, page 24. Copy held by the Indian Lands Registry, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. BC Regional Office, Vancouver. Bouchard & Kennedy Research Consultants Page 65 Page 68 of 200
DRAFT REPORT: Rights and Title Interests in the Columbia Valley Transmission Project Area Band] reserve and south, while the Kenpesq’t use was concentrated from the Kenpesq’t reserve north. 281 Statements by the leadership of the Ktunaxa Nation do not appear so accommodating. The Ktunaxa Nation continues to recognize a superior claim of rights and title to the area now comprising the Columbia Valley Transmission Project lands. 4.2 Secwepemc (Shuswap) Speaking Claimants The Secwepemc Nation Tribal Council (SNTC), as representing most of the the Shuswapspeaking people, 282 as well as the newly-reconstituted Secwepemc division called the “Sexqéltkemc,” focused around Shuswap Lake, may assert aboriginal rights and title to the Columbia Valley Transmission Project area. 4.2.1 Divisions or “Bands” Comprising the Secwepemc The basic Shuswap political unit, according to ethnographer James Teit, was the autonomous band “composed of a group of families closely related among themselves, who generally wintered within a definite locality, at or within a few miles of a larger village or centre." 283 George Dawson also describes winter villages as being "the permanent centres of the tribal subdivisions." 284 However, each Shuswap band used a number of small villages in addition to the central village, and thus Teit describes the residency pattern and affiliation of families constituting these small villages as subjective. 285 Village groups changed their band affiliation as it suited their needs, and band populations and composition was in constant flux. The relative permanence of the bands varied throughout Secwepemc territory. Some divisions of the Secwepemc, specifically some bands of the upper North Thompson Shuswap, were formerly very nomadic with no main winter village, while others such as the bands of the Canyon division, located near productive salmon fisheries, were almost sedentary. Most, however, were semi-nomadic. 286 281 Fish Lake Consulting, on behalf of the Shuswap Indian Band 2009, page 22. 282 As previously noted, three of the Secwepemc-speaking Bands do not belong to the SNTC. 283 Teit 1909, page 457 284 Dawson 1892, page 8. 285 Teit 1909, page 457. 286 Teit 1909, pp. 459-60, 569-70. Bouchard & Kennedy Research Consultants Page 66 Page 69 of 200
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Janet L. Fraser Director, Regulator
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2 - Consultation Activities Since 1
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3 - Consultation Assessment 1 2 3 4
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DRAFT REPORT: Rights and Title Inte
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BC hydro m FOR GENERATIONS Chris He
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KTUNAXA NATION COUNCIL BCTC RESPONS
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KTUNAXA NATION COUNCIL BCTC RESPONS
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3 Section 4.4.2.1 Canyon Creek- Rep
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3, 4 & 5 Just north of the Frances
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Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat 1 The
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THE KTUNAXA NATION AND THE UPPER CO
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THE KTUNAXA NATION AND THE UPPER CO
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3. APPROACH OF THIS STUDY The main
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BEC: ICH only; wet and cool Wildlif
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Figure 2. Traditional territory of
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The Inissimi Complex was defined fo
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Another group of Ktunaxa, the Qatmu
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Perhaps the greatest of these impac
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The first trading post in Ktunaxa t
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the Tobacco Plains area for three m
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Callesauilk [Upper Kootenays] 91 12
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Kinbaskit, the Chief, who is nearly
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little in the way of fresh insights
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three of their children including F
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Although these accounts confirm tha
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Fig. 4 - From Flanagan’s Indian T
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12. ETHNOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENTS OF TER
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2. James Teit Around the turn of th
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Another example comes from a map as
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The Columbia Lakes moved down the C
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9. Ktunaxa Territory, according to
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Salmon played an important part in
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6. Allan Smith In 1984, on behalf o
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6. Randy Bouchard and Dorothy Kenne
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BIBLIOGRAPHY for KTUNAXA AIUS -THE
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California: The Arthur H. Clarke Co
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Evidence on the Adequacy of First Nations Consultation - BC Hydro ...

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