Evidence on the Adequacy of First Nations Consultation - BC Hydro ...

DRAFT REPORT: Rights and Title Interests in the Columbia Valley Transmission Project Area
second Columbia Lake.” It was noted that this “colony of Shuswap” had been established there
“within the memory of men still living.” 270
Upper Kutenai/Ktunaxa territory was also delineated on Franz Boas’s “Linguistic Map of British
Columbia” which was published in 1891. 271 This map was based primarily on data Boas obtained
during the course of his fieldwork undertaken between 1888-1889, including Boas’s first Kutenai
fieldwork which he conducted in July 1888 in the Windermere area. 272 Boas’s map delineates the
upper extent of “Kutonaqa” (Ktunaxa) territory and the boundary between “Kutonaqa” and
“Okanaken” (Okanagan) as a line crossing the Columbia River in the vicinity of Beavermouth
which is about 110 km upriver from Boat Encampment and approximately 40 km downriver
from Golden. Similar to the Tolmie and Dawson 1884 map, the boundary line extends from here
south along the summit of the Rockies, in the east, and in the west along the summit of the
mountains which extend north and south along the eastern side of the Arrow Lakes.
James Teit’s (1910-1913) fieldnotes reporting on his discussions with Ktunaxa people state:
“They claimed the country around the heads of the Columbia and Kootenay Rivers had always
been upper Kutenai hunting country until the Shuswap came.” 273 The last clause undoubtedly
relates to the Kinbasket Shuswap. 274 In other notes Teit writes: “On the west side of the Rockies
the Kutenai do not claim any territory north of about Donald on the upper Columbia. The region
is now occupied by the Shuswap but the Kutenai claim it as old hunting grounds.” 275
4.1.2 Kutenai Territory as Asserted by Ktunaxa Nation Council
A resolution of 18 November 1993 submitted to the B.C. Treaty Commission by the then-called
Ktunaxa/Kinbasket Tribal Council sets out their tribal lands as follows:
the territory of the Ktunaxa people extends from the Big Bend of the
Columbia River north of Donald Station then south including all of the
Kootenay sinuosities to Missoula Montana then west to Bonner’s Ferry,
270 Tolmie and Dawson 1884. Dawson said that he obtained his Upper Kutenai linguistic data in 1883 from
an Aboriginal man identified only as “Joe,” living at Joseph’s Prairie. Pp. 5B, 124B-125B, and Map.
271 Boas 1891, Plate XIX.
272 Ronald P. Rohner (1969). The Ethnography of Franz Boas: Letters and Diaries of Franz Boas Written
on the Northwest Coast from 1886 to 1931. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago. Pp. 101-103.
273 Teit (1910-1913). Notes to Maps of the Pacific Northwest. American Philosophical Society Library,
Philadelphia. Boas Collection 372, Roll 4, No. 1, Item 59 (copy held by the B. C. Archives, Victoria. Add. Mss.
1425, Microfilm A-239).
274 These notes are not mentioned in the two studies prepared by Fish Lake Consulting for the Shuswap
Indian Band that have been reviewed in this present repory.
275 Teit 1908-1920.
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