Evidence on the Adequacy of First Nations Consultation - BC Hydro ...

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DRAFT REPORT: Rights and Title Interests in the Columbia Valley Transmission Project Area had made in his 1909 monograph. 192 While these corrections and clarifications, themselves, were never published, Teit’s conclusions based on them were printed in 1914 as part of a “Tribes of the BC Interior” chapter he wrote for the Canada and its Provinces historical series. 193 Referring to his 1910-1913 discussions with the Kutenai, Teit wrote that: “They claimed the country around the heads of the Columbia and Kootenay Rivers had always been upper Kutenai hunting country until the Shuswap came.” 194 Undoubtedly this last clause refers to the Kinbasket Shuswap. As discussed above, Teit had described this Kinbasket migration in his 1909 monograph, but he did not give a date for it. Subsequently he did provide dates; in his 1910-1913 notes, Teit stated: Nearly a century ago [c. 1810] a band of Shuswap [the Kinbaskets] located themselves on the southern headwaters of the Columbia within hunting country claimed by the Kutenai. The Shuswap however laid claim to this territory as part of it was not entirely hunting ground of the Kutenai as they themselves [the Kinbasket Shuswap] had been in the habit of trapping over it. 195 [emphasis added] In his 1914 publication, Teit wrote: The Kutenai formerly claimed the upper part of the Columbia down to about Golden, but in later years this tract of country was also hunted by Assiniboin and Shuswap, and finally, about ninety years ago [c. 1810], a 192 See, for example, Teit 1909, pp. 450, 455, 482. Teit’s comments concerning his correction of this significant error—i.e. his inclusion of the “Arrow Lake Band” as part of the “Shuswap Lake Division” of the Shuswap, rather than the Lakes group of the Okanagan-Colville—are contained in unpublished fieldnotes and manuscript materials which include the following: James Teit (1898-1910). Salish ethnographic materials. American Philosophical Society Library (APS), Philadelphia. Boas Collection 372, Roll 4, No. 1, Item 61 (copy held by the BC Archives, Victoria. Add. Mss. 1425, Microfilm A-239); Teit (n.d.). Fieldnotes on Thompson and neighboring Salishan languages [circa 1904-1913]. APS, Philadelphia. Boas Collection 372.1, Roll 48, S 1b.7 (copy held by the BC Archives, Victoria. Add. Mss. 1425, Microfilm A-262); Teit (1908-1920). Salish ethnographic materials. APS, Philadelphia. Boas Collection 372, Roll 16, S .7 (copy held by the B.C. Archives, Victoria. Add. Mss. 1425, Microfilm A-247); and, Teit (1910-1913). Notes to Maps of the Pacific Northwest. APS, Philadelphia. Boas Collection 372, Roll 4, No. 1, Item 59 (copy held by the BC Archives, Victoria. Add. Mss. 1425, Microfilm A- 239). 193 James Teit (1914). Indian Tribes of the Interior. In, Canada and its Provinces (ed. by Adam Shortt and Arthur G. Doughty). Toronto: T. & A. Constable. Pp. 283-284. 194 Teit 1910-1913. 195 Teit 1910-1913. Bouchard & Kennedy Research Consultants Page 45 Page 48 of 200
DRAFT REPORT: Rights and Title Interests in the Columbia Valley Transmission Project Area band of the latter [the Kinbasket Shuswap] located there permanently in close proximity to the most northern settlement of the Kutenai. 196 Teit’s date of 1810 seems a little early when examined against the historical record. And Teit, too, thought so. In his collection of notes dated 1908-1920 he stated that it was probably somewhat later, the date being “not quite certain.” 197 When discussing tribal boundaries in his 1910-1913 notes, he suggested that the migration occurred “about 70 years ago,” placing it at circa 1840. 198 The historical evidence of Father de Smet does confirm that hunters identified as Shuswap hunted in the Columbia Lakes area in the mid-1840s. As already noted, Chief Kinbasket, himself, advised Walter Moberly that his people “are a portion of the Shuswap tribe (from Little Shuswap Lake), and settled here about 20 years ago [c. 1846].” Chief Kinbasket had nothing to gain by misrepresenting this history. He was well placed to provide accurate historical information. In sum, since at least the 1840s the Shuswap Kinbasket family has formed the core of an independent band centred at the north end of Lake Windermere where they have lived and used the local resources. In-marrying spouses came from the surrounding area, but the band has maintained a distinct identity. Until 2005, the Ktunaxa Nation Council represented this Shuswap Band politically and continues to claim territory associated with them. A Ktunaxa interest in the Lake Windermere area is consistent with the historical and ethnographic data that represents early 19 th century use and occupation. 2.2.4 A Possible Earlier Occupation Studies prepared by Fish Lake Consulting on behalf of the Shuswap Indian Band in 2008 and 2009 point to the presence of one or more house pits in the Columbia Valley as evidence of non- Ktunaxa occupation at an earlier time. 199 Such features indicate the location of previouslyoccupied winter homes. It is the view of the Shuswap Indian Band that these archaeological features remain from village sites of the Shuswap Band’s immediate ancestors and that culturally these people were Interior Salish. 196 Teit 1914, page 284. 197 Teit 1908-1920. 198 Teit 1910-1913. 199 Information correlating pit houses with “Interior Salish” is reviewed extensively in the Shuswap Indian Band’s TUS (2008). Additional information on this issue and the regional archaeology is presented in the December 1999 archaeological study, “Archaeological Investigations at the Salmon Beds,” prepared by Rod Heitzmann of Parks Canada. Available online: http://www.livinglandscapes.bc.ca/cbasin/salmonbeds/index.htm Bouchard & Kennedy Research Consultants Page 46 Page 49 of 200
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Janet L. Fraser Director, Regulator
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Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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2 - Consultation Activities Since 1
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3 - Consultation Assessment 1 2 3 4
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3 - Consultation Assessment 1 2 3 4
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BC hydro m FOR GENERATIONS Chris He
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BC hydro m FOR GENERAT IONS Chris H
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TERMS OF REFERENCE (TR) CVT - Archa
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TERMS OF REFERENCE (TR) PART 1 - TE
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TERMS OF REFERENCE (TR) existing ac
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TERMS OF REFERENCE (TR) at the begi
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J ./ FOR GENERATIONS Chris Heard BC
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BC hgdro m FOR GENERATIONS Chris He
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BC hydr-o m FOR GENERATIONS Chris H
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BC hgdro m FOR GENERATIONS Chris He
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BC hudro m FOR GENERATIONS Chris He
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BC hgdr-o m FOR GENERATIONS Chris H
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KTUNAXA NATION COUNCIL BCTC RESPONS
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KTUNAXA NATION COUNCIL BCTC RESPONS
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3 Section 4.4.2.1 Canyon Creek- Rep
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3, 4 & 5 Just north of the Frances
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Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat 1 The
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THE KTUNAXA NATION AND THE UPPER CO
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THE KTUNAXA NATION AND THE UPPER CO
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3. APPROACH OF THIS STUDY The main
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BEC: ICH only; wet and cool Wildlif
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Figure 2. Traditional territory of
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The Inissimi Complex was defined fo
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Another group of Ktunaxa, the Qatmu
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Perhaps the greatest of these impac
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The first trading post in Ktunaxa t
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the Tobacco Plains area for three m
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Callesauilk [Upper Kootenays] 91 12
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Kinbaskit, the Chief, who is nearly
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little in the way of fresh insights
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three of their children including F
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Although these accounts confirm tha
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Fig. 4 - From Flanagan’s Indian T
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12. ETHNOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENTS OF TER
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2. James Teit Around the turn of th
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Another example comes from a map as
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The Columbia Lakes moved down the C
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9. Ktunaxa Territory, according to
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Salmon played an important part in
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6. Allan Smith In 1984, on behalf o
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6. Randy Bouchard and Dorothy Kenne
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BIBLIOGRAPHY for KTUNAXA AIUS -THE
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California: The Arthur H. Clarke Co
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