Evidence on the Adequacy of First Nations Consultation - BC Hydro ...

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DRAFT REPORT: Rights and Title Interests in the Columbia Valley Transmission Project Area established within the memory of men still living.” 183 Yet, James Teit, as reviewed below, at one point in his investigation reported that some believed that the Kinbasket migration occurred around 1810, although his own view was that “probably it was somewhat later.” 184 Paul David (b. 1852), a Ktunaxa member interviewed by Claude Schaeffer in 1935, also provided information on the Shuswap presence in the upper Columbia. Schaeffer’s handwritten notes concerning this, which follow below and are emphasized as in his originals, state: The Shuswap were called kłíłkatwumłat “naked people.” See Simpson’s Journal, page 21 (1824) for Kutenai and Cree (?) raid against the Shuswap. About a century ago (1835) some akánahonek [Tobacco Plains people] first encountered the Shuswap Indians north of Columbia Lakes, their first meeting (?). Prior to this the akánahonek and Akámnik [St. Mary’s or Fort Steele people] 185 used to hunt moose and elk as far north as Golden. The Shuswap moved into this territory about the 1840s. Could these have been the Snare people of Thompson? 186 In a typed version of this same information, dated “8/5/35” and entitled “Territory of Aganahónek [Tobacco Plains people]”, Schaeffer wrote: Previous to a hundred years ago [c. 1835] the aganahónek [Tobacco Plains people] and gakawakamitúkinik [Michel Prairie people] used to hunt together north of Columbia Lakes, probably as far as Golden, for moose and elk. 187 Ktunaxa member Louis Joseph provided Schaeffer with additional information on the Ktunaxa perspective. Louis Joseph’s oral tradition is somewhat consistent with the Shuswap traditions 183 Tolmie and Dawson 1884, page 125. 184 James Teit (1908-1920). Salish ethnographic materials. American Philosophical Society Library, Philadelphia. Boas Collection 372, Roll 16, S .7 (copy held by the B.C. Archives, Victoria. Add. Mss. 1425, Microfilm A-247). 185 Elsewhere in his fieldnotes, including the typed variant cited below, Schaeffer wrote that it was the Michel Prairie people—not the St. Mary’s people—who in former times hunted together with the Tobacco Plains people, north of Columbia Lakes. 186 Schaeffer 1934-1969, Reel 1. 187 Schaeffer 1934-1969, Reel 2. Bouchard & Kennedy Research Consultants Page 43 Page 46 of 200
DRAFT REPORT: Rights and Title Interests in the Columbia Valley Transmission Project Area told by the Kinbasket granddaughters, as he notes that the “Shuswap was first located around Kinbasket Lake and followed Kutenai into the Columbia Lakes country. There was no warfare between them.” 188 It was Teit’s view, as set out in his 1909 publication, that the migration of the Kinbaskets did not alter the overall extent of Shuswap territory. Concerning alterations to the overall territory used by Shuswap-speaking people, Teit remarked: Neither did the settlement of the Kinbaskets on the Upper Columbia really mark any change or extension of the tribal boundaries, as that region was hunted over more or less by Shuswap parties as far back as tradition goes. 189 Further information is provided in a footnote to this same publication, discussing the “Kinbaskets Band” of the Shuswap: This band live on reserves nearly opposite the mouth of Toby Creek, on the right bank of Columbia River…They lived for many years in a more or less nomadic state, wintering and ranging in the Columbia valley, chiefly between Golden and Windermere. The ancestors of these people [the Kinbaskets] belonged mostly to the Upper North Thompson band. It seems, however, that some of them belonged to the Lower North Thompson band, and a few to the Adams Lake and Shuswap Lake bands. 190 Hence, according to this information appearing in Teit’s published 1909 work, the upper Columbia—which includes the Columbia Valley Transmission Project area between Golden and Invermere—became Shuswap hunting territory after the Kinbasket migration from neighbouring Secewepmc bands. It should be noted that Teit’s published 1909 work was based on research he undertook among the Shuswap between 1887-1904. He stated that during these years he had visited and collected information from “all the bands of the Shuswap, excepting the isolated ones of Upper North Thompson River at Jasper House, the Kinbaskets on Columbia River, and the Arrow Lake Band.” 191 Teit undertook further research among both the Shuswap and Kutenai subsequent to 1904. As a result, he was able to correct errors and provide clarifications to certain statements he 188 Schaeffer 1934-1969, Reel 2. Notes with Louis Joseph in materials concerning “Acculturation,” page 294. 189 Teit 1909, page 462. 190 Teit 1909, page 460, fn. 191 Teit 1909, page 447. Bouchard & Kennedy Research Consultants Page 44 Page 47 of 200
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Janet L. Fraser Director, Regulator
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Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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2 - Consultation Activities Since 1
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3 - Consultation Assessment 1 2 3 4
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BC hydro m FOR GENERATIONS Chris He
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BC hydro m FOR GENERAT IONS Chris H
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TERMS OF REFERENCE (TR) CVT - Archa
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TERMS OF REFERENCE (TR) PART 1 - TE
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TERMS OF REFERENCE (TR) existing ac
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TERMS OF REFERENCE (TR) at the begi
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J ./ FOR GENERATIONS Chris Heard BC
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BC hgdro m FOR GENERATIONS Chris He
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BC hydr-o m FOR GENERATIONS Chris H
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BC hgdro m FOR GENERATIONS Chris He
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BC hudro m FOR GENERATIONS Chris He
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BC hgdr-o m FOR GENERATIONS Chris H
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KTUNAXA NATION COUNCIL BCTC RESPONS
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KTUNAXA NATION COUNCIL BCTC RESPONS
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3 Section 4.4.2.1 Canyon Creek- Rep
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3, 4 & 5 Just north of the Frances
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Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat 1 The
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THE KTUNAXA NATION AND THE UPPER CO
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THE KTUNAXA NATION AND THE UPPER CO
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3. APPROACH OF THIS STUDY The main
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BEC: ICH only; wet and cool Wildlif
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Figure 2. Traditional territory of
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The Inissimi Complex was defined fo
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Another group of Ktunaxa, the Qatmu
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Perhaps the greatest of these impac
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The first trading post in Ktunaxa t
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the Tobacco Plains area for three m
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Callesauilk [Upper Kootenays] 91 12
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Kinbaskit, the Chief, who is nearly
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little in the way of fresh insights
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three of their children including F
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Although these accounts confirm tha
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Fig. 4 - From Flanagan’s Indian T
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12. ETHNOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENTS OF TER
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2. James Teit Around the turn of th
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Another example comes from a map as
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The Columbia Lakes moved down the C
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9. Ktunaxa Territory, according to
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Salmon played an important part in
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6. Allan Smith In 1984, on behalf o
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6. Randy Bouchard and Dorothy Kenne
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BIBLIOGRAPHY for KTUNAXA AIUS -THE
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California: The Arthur H. Clarke Co
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Evidence on the Adequacy of First Nations Consultation - BC Hydro ...

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