Evidence on the Adequacy of First Nations Consultation - BC Hydro ...

1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1
1.1 Scope and Objectives .......................................................................... 1
2.0 POTENTIAL ABORIGINAL RIGHTS AND TITLE INTERESTS IN
THE COLUMBIA VALLEY TRANSMISSION PROJECT STUDY AREA.. 3
2.1 Historical Observations of Aboriginal Occupation............................. 3
2.1.1 Visitors to Fur Trade Posts East of the Rocky Mountains........... 3
2.1.2 Aboriginal People Encountered in the Columbia Valley and
Environs ..................................................................................................... 6
2.2 The Kinbasket Migration .................................................................. 25
2.2.1 The Contemporary View of the Kinbasket Migration As Provided
by the Shuswap Indian Band and the Ktunaxa Nation ................................ 25
2.2.3 Ethnographic and Historical Data Relating to the Kinbasket
Migration.................................................................................................. 39
2.2.4 A Possible Earlier Occupation................................................... 46
2.3 Traditional Land Use and Occupancy Data for the Columbia Valley
Project Area ................................................................................................. 48
2.3.1 Occupation by Ktunaxa Bands................................................... 48
2.3.2 Fishing........................................................................................ 53
2.3.3 Hunting ...................................................................................... 54
2.3.4 Gathering.................................................................................... 55
3.0 FIRST NATIONS WHO MAY CLAIMS RIGHTS AND TITLE
INTERESTS .................................................................................................... 56
3.1 Political Representation of Ktunaxa or Kutenai-speaking claimants 56
3.2 Political Representation of the Secwepemc-speaking Claimants ..... 58
4.0 LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL AFFILIATIONS OF THE
CLAIMANT GROUPS.................................................................................... 59
4.1 Ktunaxa Linguistic and Ethnic Affiliations ...................................... 59
4.1.1 Upper Kutenai/Ktunaxa Territory as Delineated in the
Ethnographic and Historical Literature.................................................... 62
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