Vsebina / Content (.pdf) - Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije
Vsebina / Content (.pdf) - Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije
Vsebina / Content (.pdf) - Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije
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J. Gregori: Kranjska œebela (Apis mellifera carnica): vidiki njene sedanje ogroæenosti v Sloveniji<br />
MNENJE / OPINION<br />
KRANJSKA ŒEBELA (APIS MELLIFERA CARNICA): VIDIKI NJENE<br />
SEDANJE OGROÆENOSTI V SLOVENIJI<br />
Janez GREGORI<br />
<strong>Prirodoslovni</strong> <strong>muzej</strong> <strong>Slovenije</strong>, Preøernova 20, 1000 Ljubljana;<br />
e-mail: jgregori@pms-lj.si<br />
Izvleœek - Narejena je analiza vidikov ogroæenosti kranjske œebele v œasu njenega<br />
pospeøenega propadanja. Groænji sta predvsem veœplastno gensko onesnaæevanje in<br />
propadanje lokalnih populacij œebel, kar zmanjøuje njihovo gensko raznolikost, prihaja<br />
do siromaøenja genskega sklada. Kranjsko œebelo je treba ohranjati na ravni krajevnih<br />
razliœkov ali ekotipov. Doloœiti je treba obmoœja v Sloveniji, kjer bi ohranjali<br />
lokalne populacije in prepreœili vsako meøanje s œebelami sumljivega izvora.<br />
Kranjska œebela nujno potrebuje vsestransko zakonsko varovanje, izdelati in sprejeti<br />
je treba poseben zakon o kranjski œebeli in œebelarstvu.<br />
KLJUŒNE BESEDE: kranjska œebela, Apis mellifera carnica, ogroæenost, Slovenija<br />
Abstract - CARNIOLAN HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA CARNICA): THE<br />
ASPECTS OF ITS CURRENT THREAT STATUS IN SLOVENIA<br />
An analysis of the aspects of the Carniolan honey bee’s threat status at the time<br />
of its quickened decline has been made. The threats are mainly the genetic pollution<br />
and downfall of the bee’s local populations, which diminishes their gene<br />
diversity and impoverishes their gene pool. The Carniolan honey bee should be<br />
preserved at the level of its local varieties or ecotypes. The areas in Slovenia,<br />
where the bee’s local populations would be conserved and its mixing with bees of<br />
suspicious origin prevented, must be clearly stipulated. The Carniolan honey bee<br />
is in implicit need of being totally protected by law, which means that a special law<br />
on the Carniolan honey bee and apiculture is to be prepared and passed as soon as<br />
possible.<br />
KEY WORDS: Carniolan honey bee, Apis mellifera carnica, threat status, Slovenia<br />
Uvod<br />
O pospeøenem umiranju œebel poroœajo iz raznih delov sveta, najbolj zaskrbljujoœe<br />
je v ZDA, kjer je v zimi 2007/08 odmrlo 750 000 do 1 milijon œebeljih druæin,<br />
nekateri œebelarji pa so imeli do 90% izgube svojih druæin (Cox-Foster & D.<br />
vanEngelsdorp, 2009).Veliko se razpravlja o ogroæenosti kranjske œebele pri nas in<br />
iøœe vzroke za stanje, ki ni najbolj obetavno. Glavni problem je propadanje œebeljih<br />
druæin in s tem povezano siromaøenje genskega sklada. Poglobljena razmiøljanja,<br />
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