Conference program and abstracts - Coastal-Change.Org
Conference program and abstracts - Coastal-Change.Org Conference program and abstracts - Coastal-Change.Org
2004 Tsunami and Tsunamigenic sediments in Certain Parts of East Coast of Tamilnadu, India S.R.Singarasubramanian, M.V.Mukesh, S.Rajmohan and K.Suganraj 1. Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamilnadu laksrs@yahoo.com ABSTRACT On 26th December, 2004, a massive earthquake occurred in NW of Sumatra (3.2760N, 95.821S) in the seismically active zone close to Sunda Trench at a water depth of about 1300m with an epicenter located at a shallow depth of 10km below the ocean floor. The earthquake triggered tsunami waves in the northeast of Indian Ocean at 6.29 IST and devastated coastal population in 11 southeast Asian countries. These waves travelled in the open Ocean of Bay of Bengal and hit along the Tamilnadu coast, India at around 8.45 IST with a wave height of 3 to 10m. These waves transport considerable amount of sediments towards land and finally when they cross the shore they dump considerable offshore sediments on the coast. They left signatures namely opening or closing of estuaries, breaching the coastal dunes ridges, developing long erosional channels etc. The thickness of tsunamigenic sediments vary from place to place depending on the environment of deposition, coastal morphology and wave velocity. The sediments are coarser or finer than the pretsunami sediments depending on the available offshore sediments. Sediments brought by tsunami wave were very coarse in southern coast than that of in central Tamilnadu. The thickness also varies from 1 to 28cm or even more in some localities. The statistical parameters of sediments show marked difference between tidal sediments and tsunamigenic sediments. The Fourth IGCP 588: PREPARING FOR COASTAL CHANGE 7
A preliminary comparison of sediment provenance in deposits from the 2004 tsunami and a palaeo-tsunami using X-ray techniques. Dat T. Pham 1 , Charles M. Rubin 1,2 , Adam D. Switzer 1,2 , Chris Gouramanis 2 , Brian G. Jones 3 , Kruawun Jankaew 4 , Paul F. Carr 3 Division of Earth Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Earth Observatory of Singapore, Singapore. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia. Department of Geology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. ABSTRACT Catastrophic events such as tsunamis or typhoons leave unique signatures in the geologic and geomorphic record. The sedimentary analysis of these events presents an opportunity to better understand the sedimentary and hydrodynamic processes. Characterizing sediment provenance might contribute to understanding the sedimentary fingerprint of catastrophic coastal events. In this study, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) techniques were applied in an attempt to determine sediment provenance of tsunami deposits based on mineralogy and sediment composition at Phra Thong Island, Thailand. Here, the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami wave height was over 19m. Thirty samples collected from offshore, onshore and an onshore trench-site were chosen and analyzed. The trench sample group includes the 2004-tsunami deposits and two palaeo-tsunami deposits studied by Jankaew et al. (2008). XRD results indicated that quartz dominates all sediment mixtures with more than 90 - 95 weight% whereas calcite, aragonite, zircon and garnet are the main components of the small non-quartz component. XRF data from the 2004 tsunami sand and trench sample group provided additional information on trace element composition. Since XRF analyses were not greatly affected by quartz saturation, cluster and discriminant function analyses were employed in order to investigate the statistical differences between the sample groups. The XRF results indicated that the onshore group is easily distinguished from the offshore and trench groups; whereas the offshore and trench group were statistically similar. This implies that the main source of non-quartz material in the tsunami deposit comes from offshore marine sediments. Reference: 1. Jankaew, K., B. F. Atwater, Y. Sawai, M. Choowong, T. Charoentitirat, M. E. Martin, and A. Pren-dergast (2008), Medieval forewarning of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Thailand, Nature, 455(7217), 1228-1231. 8 The Fourth IGCP 588: PREPARING FOR COASTAL CHANGE
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- Page 16 and 17: Tsunami history along the coastline
- Page 20 and 21: Coastal resilience on microbial pol
- Page 22 and 23: Hazard Line Mapping Of Mahadi Delta
- Page 24 and 25: Millennial-scale records of North A
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- Page 28 and 29: Coastal wind climate, coastal dunes
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- Page 34 and 35: pollen and charcoal concentration,
- Page 36 and 37: Palaeo-environmental reconstruction
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2004 Tsunami <strong>and</strong> Tsunamigenic sediments in Certain<br />
Parts of East Coast of Tamilnadu, India<br />
S.R.Singarasubramanian, M.V.Mukesh, S.Rajmohan <strong>and</strong> K.Suganraj<br />
1. Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University,<br />
Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamilnadu<br />
laksrs@yahoo.com<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
On 26th December, 2004, a massive earthquake occurred in NW of<br />
Sumatra (3.2760N, 95.821S) in the seismically active zone close to Sunda<br />
Trench at a water depth of about 1300m with an epicenter located at a<br />
shallow depth of 10km below the ocean floor. The earthquake triggered<br />
tsunami waves in the northeast of Indian Ocean at 6.29 IST <strong>and</strong><br />
devastated coastal population in 11 southeast Asian countries. These<br />
waves travelled in the open Ocean of Bay of Bengal <strong>and</strong> hit along the<br />
Tamilnadu coast, India at around 8.45 IST with a wave height of 3 to 10m.<br />
These waves transport considerable amount of sediments towards l<strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong> finally when they cross the shore they dump considerable offshore<br />
sediments on the coast. They left signatures namely opening or closing of<br />
estuaries, breaching the coastal dunes ridges, developing long erosional<br />
channels etc. The thickness of tsunamigenic sediments vary from place to<br />
place depending on the environment of deposition, coastal morphology<br />
<strong>and</strong> wave velocity. The sediments are coarser or finer than the pretsunami<br />
sediments depending on the available offshore sediments.<br />
Sediments brought by tsunami wave were very coarse in southern coast<br />
than that of in central Tamilnadu. The thickness also varies from 1 to 28cm<br />
or even more in some localities. The statistical parameters of sediments<br />
show marked difference between tidal sediments <strong>and</strong> tsunamigenic<br />
sediments.<br />
The Fourth IGCP 588: PREPARING FOR COASTAL CHANGE 7
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