34 Fig. 14 Figs. 13-15. Single-track <strong>games</strong> incised into pavements at <strong>Hampi</strong> B OARD G AME S TUDIES 6, 2003 Fig. 13 Fig. 15
R.VASANTHA, BOARD G AMES FROM THE C ITY OF V IJAYANAGARA 35 complete <strong>the</strong> looped course and return home wins. Players might have three or four pieces each. The action is controlled by throwing dice, requiring a certain throw to enter <strong>the</strong> game (for example 1, 5, or 6) and <strong>the</strong> same number to continue <strong>the</strong> turn. Hence throwing 2, 3 or 4 would end <strong>the</strong> turn. Landing on an opposing player’s piece captures <strong>the</strong> piece, unless <strong>the</strong> piece is on a cross-cut safe square. Usually, in this type <strong>of</strong> game, an exact throw is required to “get out” and <strong>the</strong>reby win <strong>the</strong> game. Enhanced rules such as blocking tactics and playing in patterned teams such as in Pachisi may also have been used. To conclude, according to <strong>the</strong> existing oral and play tradition, to contemporary (1300-1600) regional literature and to foreign traveler’s accounts, <strong>the</strong> board <strong>games</strong> <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>city</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Vijayanagara</strong> and surroundings may be classified into five categories, such as: 1. <strong>games</strong> played by <strong>the</strong> royalty, 2. <strong>games</strong> played for <strong>the</strong> royalty, 3. <strong>games</strong> played by masses (“folk <strong>games</strong>”), 4. <strong>games</strong> played by ladies, 5. <strong>games</strong> played by children, contrary to <strong>the</strong> classification made by H.J.R. Murray (Murray) between war <strong>games</strong>, hunt <strong>games</strong>, race <strong>games</strong>, <strong>games</strong> <strong>of</strong> alignment, etc. References Early sources (all dates AD) Anantha 1456. Anantha amatya. Boja rajiyamu by Anantha, 1456 (in Telugu), ed. & pub. by Telugu Akademi, Hyderabad, 1989. Bhima 1400. Basava Purana by Bhima, 1400 (in Kannada), ed. by Lingayata Vidyabhivruddhi Sams<strong>the</strong>, Dharawada, 1969. Goparaju 1398. Simhasana dvatrimshika by Koravi Goparaju, 1398 (in Telugu), ed. by Andhra Sahitya Parishattu, Rajamundry, 1960: Vol. 1 & 2. Krishnadavaraya c.1517. Amuktamalyada by King Krishandevaraya c.1517 (in Telugu), ed. & pub. by Telugu Akademi, Hyderabad, 1990. Kumara Vyasa 1400. Gadugina Bharata by Kumara Vyasa, 1400 (in Kannada), ed. by Mysoru Samstana Sahitya, Samskruti, 1958. Lakshmisha 1530. Jaimini Bharata by Lakshmisa, 1530 (in Kannada), ed. by Electric Press, Tumkur, 1941. Manchena 1400. Keyura bahu charitramu by Manchena, 1400 (in Telugu), ed. & pub. by Telugu Akademi, Hyderabad, 1992. Nanjunda 1500a. Kumara ramana sangatyagalu by Nanjunda Kavi, 1500 (in Kannada), ed. by G. Varadaraja Rao, Prasaranga, Mysore, 1966. Nanjunda 1500b. Ramanatha charite by Nanjunda Kavi, 1500 (in Kannada), ed. by H. Devirappa, Mysore, 1964. Ratnakaravarni 1560. Bharatesa Vaibhava by Ratnakaravarni, 1560 (in Kannada), ed. by T.S. Shamarao, Prasaranga, Mysore, 1966. Somana 1450. Uttara Harivamsamu by Nachana Somana, 1450 (in Telugu), ed. & pub.
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