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Tako je tudi v rekah in jezerih. Bolj ko so onesnažena, manj vrst živi v njih, manjša je pestrost oblik, več je drugih, na onesnaženje bolj tolerantnih vrst alg in posebej še cianobakterij. Na žalost pa še vedno prevladuje vse preveč tehnicistični odnos do vodnih okolij. V reki mnogi vidijo le silo, ki žene turbine in nam daje električno energijo. Pravijo, da reka teče v prazno, če je ne pregradimo in izkoristimo. Spet drugi v vodi vidijo le dobrino, ki plemeniti kapital polnilcev plastenk s pitno vodo, zato jo želijo privatizirati tudi tam, kjer se to še ni zgodilo. Vse bolj pa se krepi tudi spoznanje, da je to tista dobrina, brez katere tudi tehnološko superiorne družbe ne bodo mogle preživeti in se razvijati. Z današnjim stanjem tehnike res lahko v naravi spremenimo in naredimo marsikaj; vprašanje pa ni, ali to znamo, pomembnejše je vprašanje, ali to smemo. Gre torej za etična in ne za tehnična vprašanja. K sreči je Ljubljanica še vedno skoraj prijetno domovanje mnogim vrstam rastlin in živali, tudi mnogim vrstam kremenastih alg, čeprav ne vsem vrstam, ki bi v takšni reki lahko živele. Naša dolžnost je, da življenjske razmere izboljšamo, da se vrnejo tudi vrste, ki so zaradi našega neprimernega odnosa do reke izginile. Da bi se to zgodilo, bi morali rešiti vprašanja divjih deponij prispevnega območja, vprašanja spiranja kmetijskih površin v zaledju Ljubljane, obremenjenih z nevarnimi zaščitnimi sredstvi, vprašanja vnosa hranilnih in strupenih snovi in v zadnjem času vse bolj popularna vprašanja vnosa motilcev endokrinega sistema, poljudno imenovanih hormonski motilci; le–ti so nas streznili predvsem zaradi njihovega nepredvidljivega vpliva na ljudi, predvsem na moško populacijo. Zato je nespametno razmišljati le o tem, ali je lahko Ljubljanica kopalna voda, kakšne ekosistemske storitve nam nudi in ali jo bomo lahko uporabljali za pitno vodo. Dolgoletnega onesnaževanja reke ne moremo reševati na hitro. Zavedati se moramo, da je po vsaki bolezni potrebno okrevanje, in če je Izvir Pod stenami jeseni / The source Pod stanemi in autumn bolezen huda, je okrevanje dolgotrajno. Stopnjo obolelosti reke Ljubljanice nam kažejo tudi kremenaste alge. Prepričan sem, da bo reka Ljubljanica s svojo vidno pa tudi s skrito lepoto lahko razveseljevala prihajajoče rodove le v primeru, če bomo zdajšnji rodovi že danes spremenili svoj odnos do kopna in vode. Mnoge vrste so že danes redke in ogrožene; lahko jih izgubimo, preden jih sploh spoznamo. Tudi v Ljubljanici, reki tisočerih diatomejskih oblik. Korak na poti k boljšemu rečnemu in diatomejskemu jutri je tudi ta publikacija. Prof.dr. Mihael J. Toman, Oddelek za biologijo Biotehniške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani Ljubljana, 2. oktobra 2014 6
limit and throw away what we feel is not needed. Jacques–Yves Cousteau, the famous oceanographer, has discovered that diatoms are warning us against our inappropriate attitude towards nature. On his oceanic expeditions he has noted a diminishing pattern of diatom species biodiversity and for this reason, we should be concerned about the future of our planet. A similar situation can be observed in rivers and lakes. The diatom species abundance is a clear indicator of pollution level. In polluted freshwater bodies, the diversity of forms is smaller and more tolerant species, particularly Cyanobacteria, are becoming common and abundant. Sadly, technicistic view to the aquatic environment is still prevailing today. Many people only see the river as a source of power driving turbines providing electricity and regard it as useless if not dammed and applied to our advantage. Others are blinded by the profit of bottled water and strive to privatize it in countries where it is still in public use. However, the awareness that water is a natural resource is growing. Without water, even a technologically superior society will not be able to survive and develop. With today’s state of technique we are able to change a lot in nature; however, it is not a question of knowledge, but of our right. Now, it is about ethics and not about techniques. Luckily, the Ljubljanica river is still a more or less favourable habitat to many plant and animal species, including numerous diatoms, although more could thrive in this river type. It is our duty to improve the living conditions in the river to welcome back the species, which have vanished in the past because of inappropriate attitude. To allow this to happen we should remove all illegal dumps in the river catchment area, solve the problem of leaching from agricultural land burdened with dangerous biocides, and prevent the input of nutritional and toxic substances as well as more and more discussed “endocrine disruptors” to the water. The latter also have unpredictable impact on humans, particularly on the male population. Therefore, it is not wise to think about the Ljubljanica river only as a potential bathing water, provider of ecosystem services and as a source of drinking water. The long–lasting pollution of the river cannot be solved quickly. After every illness a recovery is prescribed; and if the illness is serious also the recovery is long– lasting. The condition of the Ljubljanica river is also represented by diatoms. I am strongly convinced that the Ljubljanica river with its visible and also invisible beauty will be able to bring joy to the following generations only in case today’s generations will change their attitude to the land and water immediately. There are many species which are already rare and endangered; we can easily lose them before fully understanding their role and impact in the river. This can happen also in Ljubljanica, the “River with seven names” and thousands of diatom forms. A step towards better future of the river status and diatom populations in Ljubljanica is also this publication. Prof. Dr. Mihael J. Toman, Department of Biology of the Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, the 2 nd of October 2014 7
Page 1: Razkrita čudesa reke BIOTSKA PESTR
Page 5 and 6: Pobliže ko opazujemo nek pojav, bo
Page 7: THE INVISIBLE BEAUTY OF DIATOMS Tin
Page 11 and 12: DIATOMS UNDER THE ELECTRON MICROSCO
Page 13 and 14: DIATOMS: WHEN ESSENTIAL BECOMES VIS
Page 15 and 16: Revealed River Wonders and subtitle
Page 17 and 18: Whenever in the story of diatoms it
Page 19 and 20: DIATOMS, LOOPED INTO DRAŽ KNITWEAR
Page 22 and 23: 20 40 %
Page 24 and 25: Diatomeje so posebna skupina mikros
Page 26: Alge. Je to sluzasta obloga rečneg
Page 30: Diatomeje ali kremenaste alge živi
Page 34: Kremenaste alge vsebujejo klorofil,
Page 38: Diatomeje so svetovljanke, zato te
Page 42: Geografska in krajinska pestrost Sl
Page 46: Kaj pomeni regulacija vodotoka za t
Page 50: Kako vplivajo vodni športi na obč
Page 54: V Sloveniji je zbranih dovolj podat
Page 58:
Alfred Nobel, švedski kemik in izu
Page 62:
Čudovita raznolikost povodja Ljubl
Page 66:
Nesporna kraljica razstave - alga a
Page 70:
Katalog razstave in kaj vse so lahk
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