Writing in English as an Additional Language at Key Stage 2
Writing in English as an Additional Language at Key Stage 2
Writing in English as an Additional Language at Key Stage 2
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<strong>Writ<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>English</strong> <strong>as</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>Additional</strong> L<strong>an</strong>guage <strong>at</strong> <strong>Key</strong> <strong>Stage</strong> 2 60<br />
5.4.4 Prepositions<br />
We counted the numbers of prepositions miss<strong>in</strong>g or used <strong>in</strong>correctly <strong>in</strong> the 100 word<br />
blocks, <strong>an</strong>d tested the results st<strong>at</strong>istically. We also exam<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> depth a sample of<br />
twenty EAL stories from pupils achiev<strong>in</strong>g level 3.<br />
• There were not huge numbers of errors with prepositions but there were<br />
<strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g p<strong>at</strong>terns across l<strong>an</strong>guage backgrounds <strong>an</strong>d levels.<br />
• As c<strong>an</strong> be seen <strong>in</strong> Figure 14, errors with prepositions showed different p<strong>at</strong>terns for<br />
EAL <strong>an</strong>d EMT writ<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
No. per 100 word block<br />
0.2<br />
0.15<br />
0.1<br />
0.05<br />
0<br />
EAL3 EAL4 EAL5 EMT3 EMT4 EMT5<br />
Omitted prepositions<br />
Incorrect preposition<br />
Figure 14 Me<strong>an</strong> numbers of omitted <strong>an</strong>d <strong>in</strong>correct prepositions <strong>in</strong> 100 word blocks<br />
• Omitt<strong>in</strong>g prepositions where they were needed w<strong>as</strong> characteristic of EAL writ<strong>in</strong>g<br />
by pupils achiev<strong>in</strong>g levels 3 <strong>an</strong>d 4, but not of EMT writ<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
• Us<strong>in</strong>g the wrong preposition w<strong>as</strong> characteristic of EAL <strong>an</strong>d EMT writ<strong>in</strong>g by<br />
pupils achiev<strong>in</strong>g level 3, <strong>an</strong>d EAL, but not EMT, writ<strong>in</strong>g by pupils achiev<strong>in</strong>g level<br />
4.<br />
• The number of omitted prepositions <strong>in</strong> the 100 word blocks w<strong>as</strong> found to be<br />
signific<strong>an</strong>tly higher <strong>in</strong> EAL writ<strong>in</strong>g overall (me<strong>an</strong> = 0.11) th<strong>an</strong> <strong>in</strong> EMT writ<strong>in</strong>g<br />
(me<strong>an</strong> = 0.04).<br />
• Broken down by levels, there w<strong>as</strong>:<br />
• a signific<strong>an</strong>t difference between the me<strong>an</strong> number of omitted prepositions <strong>in</strong><br />
the 100 word blocks of EAL writ<strong>in</strong>g by pupils achiev<strong>in</strong>g level 3 (0.18) <strong>an</strong>d the<br />
me<strong>an</strong> for EMT achiev<strong>in</strong>g the same level (me<strong>an</strong> = 0.02)<br />
• a signific<strong>an</strong>t difference between the me<strong>an</strong> number of <strong>in</strong>correctly used<br />
prepositions <strong>in</strong> EAL writ<strong>in</strong>g by pupils achiev<strong>in</strong>g level 4 (me<strong>an</strong> = 0.17) <strong>an</strong>d the<br />
me<strong>an</strong> for EMT achiev<strong>in</strong>g the same level (me<strong>an</strong> = 0.04)<br />
• no signific<strong>an</strong>t differences <strong>in</strong> the use of prepositions <strong>in</strong> EAL <strong>an</strong>d EMT writ<strong>in</strong>g<br />
by pupils achiev<strong>in</strong>g level 5.<br />
• There w<strong>as</strong> a signific<strong>an</strong>t difference <strong>in</strong> the me<strong>an</strong> numbers of <strong>in</strong>correct prepositions<br />
<strong>in</strong> EAL writ<strong>in</strong>g between pupils achiev<strong>in</strong>g levels 4 (me<strong>an</strong> = 0.17) <strong>an</strong>d those<br />
achiev<strong>in</strong>g level 5 (me<strong>an</strong> = 0.03).