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Utopianism in the Work of Zygmunt Bauman - Sociologi - Aalborg ...

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Tillich, Paul (1973): “Critique and Justification <strong>of</strong> Utopia”, <strong>in</strong> Manuel, Frank E.<br />

(ed.): Utopias and Utopian Thought. London: Souvenir Press.<br />

Toura<strong>in</strong>e, Ala<strong>in</strong> (2000): “Society as Utopia”, <strong>in</strong> Schaer, Roland et al.: Utopia –<br />

The Search for <strong>the</strong> Ideal Society <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western World. New York: Oxford<br />

University Press.<br />

Turner, Victor W. (1969): The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure.<br />

New York: Ald<strong>in</strong>e de Gruyter.<br />

Ulam, Adam (1973): “Socialism and Utopia”, <strong>in</strong> Manuel, Frank E. (ed.): Uto-<br />

pias and Utopian Thought. London: Souvenir Press.<br />

Wright, Erik Ol<strong>in</strong> (2003): “Preface: The Real Utopias Project”, <strong>in</strong> Fung, Ar-<br />

chon & Erik Ol<strong>in</strong> Wright (eds.): Deepen<strong>in</strong>g Democracy – The Real Uto-<br />

pias Project IV. London: Verso.<br />

1 <strong>Bauman</strong> himself is suspicious <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> myopic understand<strong>in</strong>g that has determ<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> fate <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> concept <strong>of</strong> ‘utopia’: “I suspect that <strong>in</strong> our social-scientific usage all too <strong>of</strong>ten we unduly<br />

narrow down <strong>the</strong> concept <strong>of</strong> ‘utopia’ to <strong>the</strong> early modern bluepr<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> good society, understood<br />

as a k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> totality which pre-empts its members’ choices and determ<strong>in</strong>es <strong>in</strong> advance<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir goodness, however, understood […] I am now <strong>in</strong>cl<strong>in</strong>ed to accept that utopia is an<br />

undetachable part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> human condition […] I now believe that utopia is one <strong>of</strong> humanity’s<br />

constituents, a ‘constant’ <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> human way <strong>of</strong> be<strong>in</strong>g-<strong>in</strong>-<strong>the</strong>-world. This does not mean that all<br />

utopias are equally good. Utopias may lead to a better life as much as <strong>the</strong>y may mislead and<br />

turn away from what a better life would require to be done” (<strong>Bauman</strong> & Tester 2001:48-50).<br />

Throughout <strong>the</strong> years he has moved from <strong>the</strong> somewhat narrow understand<strong>in</strong>g to a much<br />

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