Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Campylobacter jejuni ... - SVA

Company
LOGO
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN
POULTRY CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
ISOLATES FROM SLOVENIA
Igor Gruntar, Majda Golob, Jasna Mićunovi
unović, , Irena Zdovc
National Veterinary Institute
Veterinary faculty, , Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology
2012 EURL- Campylobacter workshop, , Uppsala

1. 1. Intro
2. 2. Materials and methods
3. 3. Results and comparison to to EU situation
4. 4. Conclusions

Introduction
Campylobacter sp.:
the most frequent
bacterial cause of
human intestinal
infections in EU
Intestinal campylobacteriosis,
the main causative agens:
Campylobacter jejuni
- normal inhabitant/commensal of
poultry intestines
- common / regular poultry meat
contaminant
Incidence (EFSA, 2010):
- EU 45,57/100.000
- SLO 46,84/100.000
Aims:
- to analise AMR trends in poultry C.
jejuni isolates from various matrices in
2008 – 2011 in Slovenia
The problem:
- incidence is increasing
- C. jejuni antimicrobial resistance
(AMR) is increasing
- Especially quinolones
- Especially Central and South Europe.

Materials and methods
Isolates
Origin
Method
339 339 C. C. jejuni jejuniisolates
isolates
-
-
broiler
broiler
caecal
caecal
contents
contents
(faeces;
(faeces;
n = 110)
110)
-
-
broiler
broiler
carcasses
carcasses
during
during
slaughtering
slaughtering
(skin;
(skin;
n = 117)
117)
-
-
broiler
broiler
meat,
meat,
before
before
refrigeration
refrigeration
(n
(n
= 112)
112)
--2008: 2008: BS BS Salmonella, Salmonella,
Campylobacter
Campylobacter
--2009 2009 – 2011: 2011: national national
Campylobacter
Campylobacter
monitoring monitoringprogram in in
broilers broilers
--VARS VARS --coordinated
coordinated
--MIC: MIC: minimal minimalinhibitory
inhibitory
concentration
concentration
--breakpoints breakpointsaccording accordingto
to
EUCAST EUCAST // AMR-EuRL AMR-EuRLcriteria
--EUCAMP EUCAMP Sensititre Sensititreplates
(TREK (TREK Diagnostics)
Diagnostics)
--ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic nalidixicacid,
acid,
tetracycline, tetracycline, gentamicin, gentamicin,
erythromycin,
erythromycin,
chloramphenicol chloramphenicoland
and
streptomycin
streptomycin

Results
I
2008
EU
2008 2008
2009
SLO
SLO
average
2010
SLO
2011
SLO
% R
% R
% R
% R
% R
CIP 50,0
NAL 51,0
TC 37,0
GM 4,0
ERY 3,0
CHL -
STR -
CIP 72,2
NAL 64,9
TC 32,0
GM 2,1
ERY 0,0
CHL 0,0
STR 4,1
CIP 85,1
NAL 58,1
TC 64,8
GM 0,0
ERY 0,0
CHL 0,0
STR 2,7
CIP 78,0
NAL 46,0
TC 56,0
GM 0,0
ERY 0,0
CHL 0,0
STR 3,0
CIP 91,2
NAL 70,6
TC 51,5
GM 2,9
ERY 2,9
CHL 0,0
STR 2,9

Results II
Antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni in broilers
from Slovenia; 2008-2011
100,0
% R
90,0
80,0
70,0
60,0
50,0
40,0
30,0
20,0
10,0
ciprofloxacin - EU average 2008
tetracycline - EU average 2008
nalidixic acid - EU average 2008
gentam icin
ciprofloxacin - all sam ples
ciprofloxacin - fecal sam ples
ciprofloxacin - skin and m eat sam ples
tetracycline - all sam ples
tetracycline - fecal sam ples
tetracycline - skin and m eat sam ples
erythrom icin
nalidixic acid - all s am ples
nalidixic acid - fecal sam ples
nalidixic acid - skin and m eat sam ples
chloram phenicol
streptom ycin
ciprofloxacin - hum ans SLO
tetracycline - hum ans SLO
nalidixic acid - hum ans SLO
0,0
-10,0
2008 2009 2010 2011
Year

Results III
Antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni in broilers
from Slovenia; 2008-2011
100,0
90,0
80,0
% R
70,0
60,0
50,0
40,0
30,0
20,0
10,0
ciprofloxacin - EU average 2008
tetracycline - EU average 2008
nalidixic acid - EU average 2008
gentam icin
ciprofloxacin - all s am ples
tetracycline - all s am ples
erythrom icin
nalidixic acid - all s am ples
chloram phenicol
s treptom ycin
ciprofloxacin - hum ans SLO
tetracycline - hum ans SLO
nalidixic acid - hum ans SLO
0,0
-10,0
2008 2009 2010 2011
Year

Situation in EU (EFSA 2010)
2011: 88,7 % !!!
2011: 70,6 % !!! 2011: 44,5 %
2nd place 3rd place 1st place

Situation in EU (EFSA 2010) – C. jejuni,
broiler feces, AMR against different ABs
SLO 2011: 95 % !!! SLO 2011: 70 % !!! SLO 2011: 65 % !!!

Situation in EU (EFSA 2010) – TC, trends
2011

Situation in EU (EFSA 2010) - CIP
under 20 %
SLO 2011
~ 50 %
under 20 %
more than 80 %

Situation in EU (EFSA 2010) - CIP

Situation in EU (EFSA 2010) – C. coli, TC, pigs

Situation in EU (EFSA 2010) – C. jejuni
SLO 2011: 95 % !!! SLO 2011: 88,7 % !!!

Company
LOGO
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN
POULTRY CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
ISOLATES FROM SLOVENIA: CONCLUSIONS
• Irrespectively
of the type of sample, from which they were isolated and in
accordance with the results from other EU countries, the antibiotic tic resistance in
poultry C. jejuni isolates from Slovenia is most commonly found against three
antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline.
• Resistance rate to these antibiotics is substantially above the European
average and with an 2010-2011 2011 upward trend in case of both quinolones.
• The worst situation recorded was for 2011 C. jejuni faecal strains, when 95%
resistance rate to ciprofloxacin, 70% resistance rate to nalidixic acid and 65%
resistance rate to tetracycline was recorded
• Resistance was very rarely observed against erythromycin, gentamicin,
chloramphenicol and streptomycin: in this area Slovenian isolates maintain good
sensitivity and fall below the European average.

Company
LOGO
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN
POULTRY CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
ISOLATES FROM SLOVENIA
Do we agree that …
… C. jejuni resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and
nalidixic acid has reached alarming proportions in
Slovenia ?
… reasons for such a high percentage of resistant isolates
should be further investigated, including the possibility of
inapropriate use of antibiotics in poultry production
… C. jejuni AMR studies needed in EFSA non-reporting
countries ?
… C. jejuni might be used as a sentinel/indicator
indicator bacterium
to detect the increasing AMR on a farm/region
region/country
?

Time … is running out …