book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
book setup 2069 nijamati.indd book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
86 k|zf;sLo sfg"gsf] ljsf;df ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] e"ldsf Zofds'df/ e§/fO{* ;f/f+z k|zf;sLo clwsf/Lx?nfO{ sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldfdf ;Lldt ug'{ / pgLx?nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/sf] :j]R5frf/L k|of]udf c+s'z nufpg' g} k|zf;sLo sfg"Gfsf] d"n Wo]o xf] . k|zf;sLo sfg"gn] k|zf;lgs lgsfosf] zlQmnfO{ Goflos lgoGq0f ug]{ k|aGw ub{5 . k|zf;sLo sfo{af6 s;}sf] xs clwsf/df cf3ft k'u]df pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ub{5 . g]kfnsf] k|zf;sLo sfg"gnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ / o;sf] sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] kfOG5 . ljz]iftM c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]qsf] k|of]uåf/f /fHo / ;/sf/sf sfd sf/jfxLx?sf] k/LIf0f u/L c;+j}wflgs / sfg"gL bfo/f gf3L ul/Psf sfd sf/jfxLx? cdfGo / ab/ 3f]if0ff u/L sfg"gsf] zf;g axfn u/fpg ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsf ;sf/fTds /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs clwsf/Ln] :j]R5frf/Lk"j{s tyf ab\lgotn] sfg"gsf] b'?kof]u u/]sf] cj:yfnfO{ cbfntn] lgoGq0f u/]sf] 5 . sfg"g / Gofosf dfGo l;4fGt / d"NonfO{ Jojxf/df ?kfGt/0f ug{sf nflu dfu{ lgb]{zg u/]sf] 5 . clwsf/ If]qsf] ;Ldf gf3]/ ul/Psf sf/jfxL ab/ ul/Psf] 5 . sfg"gsf] zf;gsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ Jojxf/df ?kfGt/0f ug{sf nflu ;fj{hlgs clwsf/Lx?nfO{ lgb]{lzt ul/Psf] 5 . x'gt cbfntsf] PSnf] k|of;n] dfq k|zf;sLo sfd sf/jfxLx? lgolGqt / Jojl:yt x'g ;Sg] xf]Ogg\ . sfg"gsf] zf;g / gful/s ;jf]{RRftfsf] cjwf/0ffk|lt ljZjf; /fVg] k|zf;sLo ;+:s[lt o;sf] k"j{ zt{sf] ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . != kl/ro elgG5 Administrative law is the study of the pathology of governmental power. k|zf;sLo sfg"g ;fj{hlgs sfg"gsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ zfvf xf] . of] ;+j}wflgs sfg"gsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ljifo klg xf] . /fHosf c+ux?nfO{ sfg"gsf] bfo/fdf ;~rfng ug{ / gful/s xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu k|zf;sLo sfg"gsf] cjwf/0ff ljsl;t ePsf] xf] . of] sfg"gnfO{ aL;f}+ ztfAbLdf ljsf; ePsf] gjLg cjwf/0ffsf] ?kdf lng] ul/G5 . /fHo;Fu :jefljs ?kdf zlQmsf ;|f]tx? /x]sf x'G5g\ . d"ntM sfg"g agfpg], sfg"g sfof{Gjog ug]{, sfg"gn] lbPadf]lhd ;'/Iffansf] k|of]u / kl/rfng ug]{ / /fHo sf]ifsf] k|of]u ug]{ clVtof/L ;/sf/;Fu /x]sf] x'G5 . ;/sf/n] To:tf] clVtof/Lsf] k|of]u ubf{ lgolGqt, ;+oldt / pQ/bfoL ?kdf k|of]u ug{' kb{5 . /fHo zlQmsf] k|of]unfO{ lgoGq0f gug] { xf] eg] ToxfF :j]R5frfl/tf x'g ;S5 . hxfF zf;gdf :j]R5frfl/tf /xG5 * pk;lrj, g]kfn ;/sf/
ToxfF sfg"gsf] zf;g x' Fb}g . hxfF sfg"gsf] zf;g x'Fb}g ToxfF k|hftGq :yfkgf x'g ;Sb}g . hxfF k|hftGq x'Fb}g ToxfFsf gful/sx? clwsf/ ljxLg x'G5g\ . cfw'lgs zf;g Joj:yf gful/s s]lGb|t zf;g Joj:yf xf] . gful/s ;fj{ef}d;Qf :yfkgf ug{sf nflu gful/s k|ltlglwn] zf;g ug'{kb{5 / gful/sk|lt pQ/bfoL ?kdf zf;g ug'{kb{5 . gful/sk|ltsf] pQ/bfloTj k|bz{gsf nflu ;/sf/ sfg"gsf] bfo/f / kl/lwdf ;~rfng x'g' kb{5 . k|zf;sLo sfg"gn] o;} ljifonfO{ lgoldt ub{5 . elgG5 Wherever there is discrition there is room for arbitrariness. hxfF :jljs]sLo jf thljhL clwsf/sf] k|wfgtf /xG5 ToxfF lg/+s'ztf jf :j]R5frfl/tfsf] clws ;+efjgf x'G5 . :jefj}n] k|zf;sLo PsfO{x? / o;sf clwsf/Lx?:fFu k|z:t clwsf/ /x]sf] x'G5 . zf;g Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L?Kfdf ;~rfng ug{sf nflu k|zf;sLo clwsf/Lx?;Fu clwsf/ /xg' cfjZos klg x'G5 . t/ sfg"gsf] ;Ldfn] gaflwPsf] clwsf/sf] :j]R5frf/L?kdf cEof; x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf clws /xG5 . To:tf] :j]R5frfl/tf lgoGq0f u/L gful/s xs clwsf/sf] :yfkgf ug]{ tyf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] k|Effjsf/L ljt/0f ug]{ cf}hf/sf] ?kdf k|zf;sLo sfg"gsf] ljsf; ePsf] xf] . hxfF k|hftGq x'G5 ToxfF gful/s :jtGqtf sfod /xG5 . hxfF gful/s :jtGqtf sfod ePsf] x'G5 ToxfF ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx? sfg"gsf] ;Ldfdf aflwPsf x'G5g\ . To;}n] k|zf;sLo sfg"gsf] ;DjGWf k|hftflGqs zf;g Joj:yf:fFu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . oBlk k|hftGq elgg' / k|zf;sLo sfg"g x'g' dfq kof{Kt xf]Og o;sf nflu ;Eo / ;';F:s[t k|of]u klg plQs} ckl/xfo{ ljifo xf] . d"ntM k|zf;sLo sfg"Gfn] ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gsf] ;~rfng / Joj:yfkgsf] ljifonfO{ ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . k|zf;sLo lgsfosf] u7g, :yfkgf tyf k|zf;sLo lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] k|of]u ug]{ sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ lgwf{/0f ub{5 . k|zf;sLo lgsfon] cjnDjg ug'{ kg]{ k|lqmof / ljlw ;'lglZrt ub{5 . k|zf;sLo clwsf/Lsf] clwsf/df ;Ldf nufpb5 . o;n] k|zf;sLo lg0f{o lj?4sf] pkrf/sf] k|aGWf ub{5 . Goflos k'g/fjnf]sg k|zf;sLo sfg"Gfsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ If]q xf] h;n] k|z;lgs sfd sf/jfxLx?sf] Goflos hfFr ub{5 . k|zf;sLo clwsf/Lx?nfO{ sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldfdf ;Lldt ug'{ / pgLx?nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/sf] :j]R5frf/L k|of]udf c+s'z nufpg' g} k|zf;sLo sfg"Gfsf] d"n Wo]o xf] . To;} kl/lwleq o;sf] k|s[lt / If]q lgwf{l/t ePsf] x'G5 . k|zf;sLo sfg"gn] k|zf;lgs lgsfosf] u7g / ltgsf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ kl/eflift ub{5 . k|zf;lgs lgsfosf] zlQm / clwsf/If]qdf ;Ldf lgwf{/0f ub{5 . k|zf;lgs lgsfosf] sfo{ k|0ffnL / sfo{ k|lqmofsf] pNn]v ub{5 . k|zf;lgs lgsfosf] zlQmnfO{ Goflos lgoGq0f ug]{ k|aGw ub{5 . k|zf;sLo sfo{af6 s;}sf] xs clwsf/df cf3ft k'u]df pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ub{5 . ;du|df ;/sf/nfO{ :Jf]R5frf/L x'gaf6 /f]Sg', sfg"gsf] ;Ldfleq /fVg' / gful/sx?sf] ;+/If0f ug'{ k|zf;sLo sfg"gsf] k|d'v nIo xf] . o;n] ;fj{hlgs lg0f{o k|lqmofdf lgikIftf, cf}lrTotf / sfg"gL k|Zgsf] lglZrttf u/fO{ c;n k|zf;gsf] l;4fGTfnfO{ ljsf; u/fO{ nfu" u/fFpb5 ;fy} 87
- Page 43 and 44: s'n hg;+Vofdf k|ltzt lhNnfut ?kdf j
- Page 45 and 46: ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx? != g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
- Page 47 and 48: != pTk|]/0ff sd{rf/LnfO{ cfˆgf] sf
- Page 49 and 50: • >d÷sfo{sf] :t/ / k'/:sf/aLr tf
- Page 51 and 52: • g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/afxLnfO{
- Page 53 and 54: k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] . o:tf] s
- Page 55 and 56: • cfk"m axfn /x]sf] ljefu jf ;f]
- Page 57 and 58: @=!=^ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg] s'
- Page 59 and 60: • ;]jf k|jfxsf] k|fyldstf, • If
- Page 61 and 62: ^= ;]jf ;'ljwf k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:y
- Page 63 and 64: hnjfo' kl/jt{g Joj:yfkgsf ;Gbe{df h
- Page 65 and 66: lqmofsnfk k[YjLsf] rf]vf]kg ljufg{d
- Page 67 and 68: tyf ljsf;f]Gd'v b'j} ;d"xsf d'n'sx?
- Page 69 and 70: • hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;Gbe{df x'g] k
- Page 71 and 72: • to ul/Psf] pQm ;+s]t -!, @ jf #
- Page 73 and 74: j[xt g]kfnL zAbsf]z cg';f/ ;'zf;gsf
- Page 75 and 76: cf=j= @)^^÷)^& sf] ah]6 jQmJo •
- Page 77 and 78: ;'zf;gsf] lhDd]jf/ kIfdf s]jn sfo{k
- Page 79 and 80: nfO{ k|f]T;fxg glbg', pQ/bfloTjsf]
- Page 81 and 82: • /fi6«;]jsdf hgtfk|ltsf] lhDd]j
- Page 83 and 84: ^= ;'zf;gsf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4sf
- Page 85 and 86: plQs} dxTj /fVb5 . :sfg8]leog d'n's
- Page 87 and 88: s"n ;/sf/L vr{sf] 4 k|ltzt /x]sf] %
- Page 89 and 90: sdhf]/ /x]sf] % eg] csf{lt/ cfkm"x?
- Page 91 and 92: • g]kfn]sf] ;+ljwfgdf ;+:yfg lgod
- Page 93: lgisif{ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx? ;/sf/sf ;
- Page 97 and 98: k|zf;sLo sfg"g /fHo ;~rfngsf] cfwf/
- Page 99 and 100: ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] ljleGg cof]Uo g7xl
- Page 101 and 102: clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ cfTdlgi7 thljh
- Page 103 and 104: l/6 lgj]bgdf JofVof ub}{ elgPsf] 5-
- Page 105 and 106: dfwj s'df/ a:g]t lj?4 k|wfgdGqL ;d]
- Page 107 and 108: Goflos dgsf] k|of]u u/L 5fgljg u/]/
- Page 109 and 110: dfGo x'g g;Sg] eGb} ;jf] {Rr cbfntn
- Page 111 and 112: agfPaf6 ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf lbg'kg]{
- Page 113 and 114: sf/jfxLx? cfkm}df Jojl:yt / dof{lbt
- Page 115 and 116: kb v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf4f/f sfo{Ifdtfs
- Page 117 and 118: @=! lghfdtL ;]jf P]g cGtu{tsf kbx?
- Page 119 and 120: dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ k|ltzt lgwf{/0
- Page 121 and 122: @=@=! P3f/f} / gjf} tx clws[t P3f/f
- Page 123 and 124: 5 5 X 80 = 4.00 100 4 5 X 20 = 1.00
- Page 125 and 126: $= ;dfj]zLtkm{sf ljleGg ;d"xsf] nfl
- Page 127 and 128: { &= k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ;DjGwdf ePsf c
- Page 129 and 130: !@_ k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ug]{ ldltdf Ps?
- Page 131 and 132: g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf ljt/0fsf] ljB
- Page 133 and 134: • 5gf]6sf] kof{Kt cj;/ k|fKt x'g'
- Page 135 and 136: • pQ/bfloTjsf] k/LIf0f lgoldttf /
- Page 137 and 138: cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts lqmof
- Page 139 and 140: #=@=% lghL If]qsf lgsfox? ;g\ !(*)
- Page 141 and 142: — ;Ifd / 5l/tf] ;/sf/ (Capable &
- Page 143 and 144: $=^=!) ;/sf/ / ;]jf k|bfossf] sfd s
ToxfF sfg"gsf] zf;g x' Fb}g . hxfF sfg"gsf] zf;g x'Fb}g ToxfF k|hftGq :yfkgf x'g ;Sb}g . hxfF<br />
k|hftGq x'Fb}g ToxfFsf gful/sx? clwsf/ ljxLg x'G5g\ . cfw'lgs zf;g Joj:yf gful/s s]lGb|t<br />
zf;g Joj:yf xf] . gful/s ;fj{ef}d;Qf :yfkgf ug{sf nflu gful/s k|ltlglwn] zf;g ug'{kb{5<br />
/ gful/sk|lt pQ/bfoL ?kdf zf;g ug'{kb{5 . gful/sk|ltsf] pQ/bfloTj k|bz{gsf nflu ;/sf/<br />
sfg"gsf] bfo/f / kl/lwdf ;~rfng x'g' kb{5 . k|zf;sLo sfg"gn] o;} ljifonfO{ lgoldt ub{5 .<br />
elgG5 Wherever there is discrition there is room for arbitrariness. hxfF :jljs]sLo jf thljhL<br />
clwsf/sf] k|wfgtf /xG5 ToxfF lg/+s'ztf jf :j]R5frfl/tfsf] clws ;+efjgf x'G5 . :jefj}n]<br />
k|zf;sLo PsfO{x? / o;sf clwsf/Lx?:fFu k|z:t clwsf/ /x]sf] x'G5 . zf;g Joj:yfnfO{<br />
k|efjsf/L?Kfdf ;~rfng ug{sf nflu k|zf;sLo clwsf/Lx?;Fu clwsf/ /xg' cfjZos klg x'G5 .<br />
t/ sfg"gsf] ;Ldfn] gaflwPsf] clwsf/sf] :j]R5frf/L?kdf cEof; x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf clws<br />
/xG5 . To:tf] :j]R5frfl/tf lgoGq0f u/L gful/s xs clwsf/sf] :yfkgf ug]{ tyf ;fj{hlgs<br />
;]jfsf] k|Effjsf/L ljt/0f ug]{ cf}hf/sf] ?kdf k|zf;sLo sfg"gsf] ljsf; ePsf] xf] . hxfF k|hftGq<br />
x'G5 ToxfF gful/s :jtGqtf sfod /xG5 . hxfF gful/s :jtGqtf sfod ePsf] x'G5 ToxfF ;/sf/L<br />
clwsf/Lx? sfg"gsf] ;Ldfdf aflwPsf x'G5g\ . To;}n] k|zf;sLo sfg"gsf] ;DjGWf k|hftflGqs<br />
zf;g Joj:yf:fFu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . oBlk k|hftGq elgg' / k|zf;sLo sfg"g x'g' dfq kof{Kt xf]Og<br />
o;sf nflu ;Eo / ;';F:s[t k|of]u klg plQs} ckl/xfo{ ljifo xf] .<br />
d"ntM k|zf;sLo sfg"Gfn] ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gsf] ;~rfng / Joj:yfkgsf] ljifonfO{ ;d]6]sf] x'G5 .<br />
k|zf;sLo lgsfosf] u7g, :yfkgf tyf k|zf;sLo lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] k|of]u ug]{ sfd, st{Jo<br />
/ clwsf/ lgwf{/0f ub{5 . k|zf;sLo lgsfon] cjnDjg ug'{ kg]{ k|lqmof / ljlw ;'lglZrt ub{5 .<br />
k|zf;sLo clwsf/Lsf] clwsf/df ;Ldf nufpb5 . o;n] k|zf;sLo lg0f{o lj?4sf] pkrf/sf]<br />
k|aGWf ub{5 . Goflos k'g/fjnf]sg k|zf;sLo sfg"Gfsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ If]q xf] h;n] k|z;lgs sfd<br />
sf/jfxLx?sf] Goflos hfFr ub{5 . k|zf;sLo clwsf/Lx?nfO{ sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldfdf ;Lldt ug'{<br />
/ pgLx?nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/sf] :j]R5frf/L k|of]udf c+s'z nufpg' g} k|zf;sLo sfg"Gfsf] d"n<br />
Wo]o xf] . To;} kl/lwleq o;sf] k|s[lt / If]q lgwf{l/t ePsf] x'G5 . k|zf;sLo sfg"gn] k|zf;lgs<br />
lgsfosf] u7g / ltgsf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ kl/eflift ub{5 . k|zf;lgs lgsfosf] zlQm /<br />
clwsf/If]qdf ;Ldf lgwf{/0f ub{5 . k|zf;lgs lgsfosf] sfo{ k|0ffnL / sfo{ k|lqmofsf] pNn]v<br />
ub{5 . k|zf;lgs lgsfosf] zlQmnfO{ Goflos lgoGq0f ug]{ k|aGw ub{5 . k|zf;sLo sfo{af6 s;}sf]<br />
xs clwsf/df cf3ft k'u]df pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ub{5 .<br />
;du|df ;/sf/nfO{ :Jf]R5frf/L x'gaf6 /f]Sg', sfg"gsf] ;Ldfleq /fVg' / gful/sx?sf] ;+/If0f<br />
ug'{ k|zf;sLo sfg"gsf] k|d'v nIo xf] . o;n] ;fj{hlgs lg0f{o k|lqmofdf lgikIftf, cf}lrTotf<br />
/ sfg"gL k|Zgsf] lglZrttf u/fO{ c;n k|zf;gsf] l;4fGTfnfO{ ljsf; u/fO{ nfu" u/fFpb5 ;fy}<br />
87
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