book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
book setup 2069 nijamati.indd book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] cj:yfM Ps ;+lIfKt ljZn]if0f hgs/fh bfxfn* ;f/f+z ;fj{hlgs ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;'ky d"Nodf ;/n / ;xh 9+uaf6 j:t' tyf ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx? :yfkgf ul/Psf x'g . /fHosf] cfly{s cj:yf dfly psf:g], ;fj{hlgs art kl/rfng ug]{, /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ >[hgf ug]{, lghL If]qsf] Psflwsf/ dfly :jfefljs lgoGq0f sfod ub}{ ;dfhdf ljBdfg lje]bsf/L ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ ub}{ /fli6«o ;|f]t / ;Dkbfsf] pkof]u / ;+/If0f ug]{ kl/jt{gsf/L p2]Zosf ;fy :yfkgf ul/Psf ;+:yfgx? cfhsf lbg;Dd cfOk'Ubf cToGt af]lemnf, vlr{nf / lgik|efjL tyf x'g k'u]sf 5g . k|:t't n]vdf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf] ljBdfg cj:yf, b]vf k/]sf ;d:ofx? / ca klxNofpg'kg]{ uGtAo af/] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . ljBdfg cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] Joj;flos ljsf; ub}{ o;nfO{ /fli^«o cy{tGqsf] d]?b)*sf] ?kdf lnO{ ljsf;sf] d'Vo ;+jfxssf] ?kdf :yflkt ug]{ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg;Fu ;DalGwt gLltdf pNn]v ePsf] % . ;+:yfgx?sf] Joj;flos Ifdtf, pTkfbsTj, n]vfk/LIf)f, gfkmf gf]S;fgsf] cj:yf ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;+:yfgx?nfO{ ljleGg ju{ ;d"xdf ljefhg ul/Psf] % . xfn;Ddsf] cj:yfdf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] ;+Vof hDdf 36 j^f /x]sf] % . h;dWo] 25 j^f gfkmfdf %g eg] afFsL 14 j^f gf]S;fgdf /x]sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v % . kl%Nnf] tYof+s cg';f/ ;+:yfgx?sf] v'b l:y/ ;DklQ ? Ps vj{ 40 cj{sf] xf/fxf/Ldf /x]sf] ;/sf/L tYof+sn] b]vfPsf] % . ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgdf ;/sf/sf]] z]o/ nufgL 83 cj{sf] xf/fxf/Ldf k'u]sf] b]lvG% . ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgaf^ ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] nfef+zsf] cj:yf ;d]t cfzfk|b %}g . ;/;tL{ d'Nof+sg ubf{ oL ;/sf/L ;+:yfgaf^ ;/sf/L /fh:jdf k'u]sf] nfef+zsf] lx:;f cToGt Go"g kfOPsf] % . s"n /fh:jdf o; If]qsf] nfef+;sf] c+z 3 k|ltzt eGbf sd /x]sf] cg'dfg % . ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?df k|jfx u/]sf] C)f * pk;lrj, g]kfn ;/sf/ 78
s"n ;/sf/L vr{sf] 4 k|ltzt /x]sf] % eg] k'Flhut vr{sf] 11=9 k|ltzt /x]sf] cg"dfg % . ;/sf/L ;+:yfgdf sfo{/t hgzlQm lgs} af]lemnf] kfOPsf] % . k|fKt clen]v cg";f/ xfn ;a} ;+:yfgx?df 33 xhf/eGbf a(L ;+Vofdf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf %g . h; cg";f/ k|lt sd{rf/Lsf] dfl;s vr{ ;/b/ 34 xhf/ /x]sf] cg"dfg % . vr{sf] t'ngfdf sd{rf/Lsf] of]ubfgsf] d'No eg] cToGt Go'g /x]sf] dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] k|ltj]bgn] cf}NofPsf] % . sfo{k|s[ltsf] lx;fjn] xfd|f ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?nfO{ ljleGg 6 j^f If]qdf jlu{s/)f ul/Psf] % . n]vfk/LIf)fsf] b[li^n] oL ;+:yfgx? dWo] 16 j^fn] dfq lgoldt n]vfk/LIf)f u/fpg] sfd ;DkGg u/]sf] kfOPsf] % . n]vfk/LIf)f nfdf] ;do cl# b]lv u/fpg} g;Sg] ;+:yfgx?sf] ;+Vof eg] 6 ;Dd k'u]s]f l:ylt % . To;df klg g]kfn cf]l/oG^ DofUg];fO^ k|f=ln= n] t 2057 ;fn b]lv cfkm\gf] sf/f]jf/sf] n]vfk/LIf)f ug}{ ;s]sf] %}g . b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] :yfkgf ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ l%^f], %/Ltf] / u')f:t/Lo agfpg] p@]Zon] ul/Psf] eP klg kl%Nnf lbgx?df oL ;+:yfgx?n] ljleGgvfn] ;d:of em]Nb} cfpg"k/]sf] cj:yf xfd|fnfuL lgs} &'nf] r'gf}tL xf] . ;+:yfg Joj:yfkgsf ;Gbe{df b]lvPsf ;d:ofnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ pNn]v u/LPsf] % . -s_ gLltut • ;+:yfg :yfkgf / kl/rfng ug]{ bL#{sflng gLltsf] vfFrf] b]lvPsf] % . • ;+:yfg ;~rfng ug{ th"{df ul/Psf P]g, ljlgodsf] &f*f] cltqmd)f x"g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] % . • ;+:yfgdf sfd ug{ lgo"Qm ul/g] ;Nnfxsf/, kbflwsf/Lsf] nflu j:t'lgi& cfwf/ / ToR ;lxtsf] sfg"g th"{df ug{ ;lsPsf] %}g . • ;+:yfgdf /fhg}lts tj/n] lgo"Qm ul/g] ;Nnfxsf/ ;d'xsf] bfloTj / st{Jo ;"lglZrt ug]{ Guideline, lgb]{lzsfsf] ;Vt vfFrf] % . • ;+:yfgsf] sfo{sf/L k|d"vsf] TOR / sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf sfuhL dfq ePsf] %, To;sf] kl/kfngf / sfo{Gjogsf] kIf cToGt uf})f agfPsf] % . 79
- Page 35 and 36: ljljwtfsf] Joj:yfkg M g]kfn ;Gbe{ z
- Page 37 and 38: dflg;x?df ;lxi0f'tf, nrstf / Ps cfk
- Page 39 and 40: d]6fpbf c;Gt'i6 ;d'xsf] hGd x'g] eP
- Page 41 and 42: k|hftflGqs Joj:yf cufn]sf] d'n'sdf
- Page 43 and 44: s'n hg;+Vofdf k|ltzt lhNnfut ?kdf j
- Page 45 and 46: ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx? != g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
- Page 47 and 48: != pTk|]/0ff sd{rf/LnfO{ cfˆgf] sf
- Page 49 and 50: • >d÷sfo{sf] :t/ / k'/:sf/aLr tf
- Page 51 and 52: • g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/afxLnfO{
- Page 53 and 54: k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] . o:tf] s
- Page 55 and 56: • cfk"m axfn /x]sf] ljefu jf ;f]
- Page 57 and 58: @=!=^ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg] s'
- Page 59 and 60: • ;]jf k|jfxsf] k|fyldstf, • If
- Page 61 and 62: ^= ;]jf ;'ljwf k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:y
- Page 63 and 64: hnjfo' kl/jt{g Joj:yfkgsf ;Gbe{df h
- Page 65 and 66: lqmofsnfk k[YjLsf] rf]vf]kg ljufg{d
- Page 67 and 68: tyf ljsf;f]Gd'v b'j} ;d"xsf d'n'sx?
- Page 69 and 70: • hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;Gbe{df x'g] k
- Page 71 and 72: • to ul/Psf] pQm ;+s]t -!, @ jf #
- Page 73 and 74: j[xt g]kfnL zAbsf]z cg';f/ ;'zf;gsf
- Page 75 and 76: cf=j= @)^^÷)^& sf] ah]6 jQmJo •
- Page 77 and 78: ;'zf;gsf] lhDd]jf/ kIfdf s]jn sfo{k
- Page 79 and 80: nfO{ k|f]T;fxg glbg', pQ/bfloTjsf]
- Page 81 and 82: • /fi6«;]jsdf hgtfk|ltsf] lhDd]j
- Page 83 and 84: ^= ;'zf;gsf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4sf
- Page 85: plQs} dxTj /fVb5 . :sfg8]leog d'n's
- Page 89 and 90: sdhf]/ /x]sf] % eg] csf{lt/ cfkm"x?
- Page 91 and 92: • g]kfn]sf] ;+ljwfgdf ;+:yfg lgod
- Page 93 and 94: lgisif{ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx? ;/sf/sf ;
- Page 95 and 96: ToxfF sfg"gsf] zf;g x' Fb}g . hxfF
- Page 97 and 98: k|zf;sLo sfg"g /fHo ;~rfngsf] cfwf/
- Page 99 and 100: ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] ljleGg cof]Uo g7xl
- Page 101 and 102: clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ cfTdlgi7 thljh
- Page 103 and 104: l/6 lgj]bgdf JofVof ub}{ elgPsf] 5-
- Page 105 and 106: dfwj s'df/ a:g]t lj?4 k|wfgdGqL ;d]
- Page 107 and 108: Goflos dgsf] k|of]u u/L 5fgljg u/]/
- Page 109 and 110: dfGo x'g g;Sg] eGb} ;jf] {Rr cbfntn
- Page 111 and 112: agfPaf6 ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf lbg'kg]{
- Page 113 and 114: sf/jfxLx? cfkm}df Jojl:yt / dof{lbt
- Page 115 and 116: kb v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf4f/f sfo{Ifdtfs
- Page 117 and 118: @=! lghfdtL ;]jf P]g cGtu{tsf kbx?
- Page 119 and 120: dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ k|ltzt lgwf{/0
- Page 121 and 122: @=@=! P3f/f} / gjf} tx clws[t P3f/f
- Page 123 and 124: 5 5 X 80 = 4.00 100 4 5 X 20 = 1.00
- Page 125 and 126: $= ;dfj]zLtkm{sf ljleGg ;d"xsf] nfl
- Page 127 and 128: { &= k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ;DjGwdf ePsf c
- Page 129 and 130: !@_ k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ug]{ ldltdf Ps?
- Page 131 and 132: g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf ljt/0fsf] ljB
- Page 133 and 134: • 5gf]6sf] kof{Kt cj;/ k|fKt x'g'
- Page 135 and 136: • pQ/bfloTjsf] k/LIf0f lgoldttf /
g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] cj:yfM Ps<br />
;+lIfKt ljZn]if0f<br />
hgs/fh bfxfn*<br />
;f/f+z<br />
;fj{hlgs ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;'ky d"Nodf ;/n / ;xh 9+uaf6 j:t'<br />
tyf ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx? :yfkgf ul/Psf x'g . /fHosf] cfly{s<br />
cj:yf dfly psf:g], ;fj{hlgs art kl/rfng ug]{, /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ >[hgf ug]{, lghL If]qsf]<br />
Psflwsf/ dfly :jfefljs lgoGq0f sfod ub}{ ;dfhdf ljBdfg lje]bsf/L ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/<br />
ub}{ /fli6«o ;|f]t / ;Dkbfsf] pkof]u / ;+/If0f ug]{ kl/jt{gsf/L p2]Zosf ;fy :yfkgf ul/Psf<br />
;+:yfgx? cfhsf lbg;Dd cfOk'Ubf cToGt af]lemnf, vlr{nf / lgik|efjL tyf x'g k'u]sf 5g .<br />
k|:t't n]vdf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf] ljBdfg cj:yf, b]vf k/]sf ;d:ofx? / ca klxNofpg'kg]{<br />
uGtAo af/] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .<br />
ljBdfg cj:yf<br />
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] Joj;flos ljsf; ub}{ o;nfO{ /fli^«o cy{tGqsf] d]?b)*sf] ?kdf<br />
lnO{ ljsf;sf] d'Vo ;+jfxssf] ?kdf :yflkt ug]{ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg;Fu ;DalGwt<br />
gLltdf pNn]v ePsf] % . ;+:yfgx?sf] Joj;flos Ifdtf, pTkfbsTj, n]vfk/LIf)f,<br />
gfkmf gf]S;fgsf] cj:yf ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;+:yfgx?nfO{ ljleGg ju{ ;d"xdf ljefhg<br />
ul/Psf] % .<br />
xfn;Ddsf] cj:yfdf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] ;+Vof hDdf 36 j^f /x]sf] % . h;dWo] 25<br />
j^f gfkmfdf %g eg] afFsL 14 j^f gf]S;fgdf /x]sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v % . kl%Nnf]<br />
tYof+s cg';f/ ;+:yfgx?sf] v'b l:y/ ;DklQ ? Ps vj{ 40 cj{sf] xf/fxf/Ldf /x]sf]<br />
;/sf/L tYof+sn] b]vfPsf] % .<br />
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgdf ;/sf/sf]] z]o/ nufgL 83 cj{sf] xf/fxf/Ldf k'u]sf] b]lvG% .<br />
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgaf^ ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] nfef+zsf] cj:yf ;d]t cfzfk|b %}g .<br />
;/;tL{ d'Nof+sg ubf{ oL ;/sf/L ;+:yfgaf^ ;/sf/L /fh:jdf k'u]sf] nfef+zsf]<br />
lx:;f cToGt Go"g kfOPsf] % . s"n /fh:jdf o; If]qsf] nfef+;sf] c+z 3 k|ltzt<br />
eGbf sd /x]sf] cg'dfg % . ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?df k|jfx u/]sf] C)f<br />
* pk;lrj, g]kfn ;/sf/<br />
78
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