book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
book setup 2069 nijamati.indd book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
lqjifL{o of]hgf -@)^&÷)^*–@)^(÷)&)_ • k|zf;lgs k|lqmof / sfo{nfO{ :jR5, ;/n, l56f] 5l/tf], kf/bzL{, ;xeflutfd"ns, :ki6 k"jf{g'dfg of]Uo agfP/ hgtfn] ;'zf;gsf] cg'e"t ug]{ cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ug{ sfg"gL / ;+:yfut ;'wf/ ug]{ . • k|zf;lgs sfo{ljlwsf] ;/nLs/0f / ;+If]kLs/0f ug{ sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL gLltut Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug]{ . • k|zf;lgs k|lqmof / lg0f{osf cfwf/x? :ki6 / dfkgLo agfOg] . • Joj:yfkgsf ljleGg kIfx?nfO{ k"jf{g'dfgof]Uo, ljlw;Ddt pTk| ]/0ffsf cfwf/e"t dfGotf cg'?k agfpgsf nflu cfjZos ;'wf/ ug]{ cflb . lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( df cfr/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ a9L ;Ifd, ;'b[9, ;]jfd'ns / pQ/bfoL agfpg lghfdtL ;]jfsf] u7g, ;~rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]xL P]gsf] kl/R5]b–& sf] cfr/0f ;DaGwdf ;do kfng / lgodLttf, cg'zf;g / cf1fkfng, /fhgLlt ug{ gx'g], ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf ug{ gx'g], bfg, pkxf/, rGbf cflb lngdf k|ltaGw h:tf cfr/0fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf 5g . To;}u/L lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkmgf] kb cg';f/sf] lhDd]jf/L dof{bfk"j{s jxg u/L :jR5, lgikIf tyf l56f] 5l/tf] ?kdf sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{, ;DalGwt ;]jfu|fxLk|lt dof{lbt Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{ h:tf Joj:yf ul/Psf 5g . $= ;'zf;gsf] k|efjsfl/tf clxn] ;'zf;gsf] ljifonfO{ h;/L p7fg / k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf 5f} ;f]cg'?k ;du| kIfaf6 cg'z/0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;'zf;gsf sdL / k|efjsf/Ltfsf] ljifonfO{ uDeL/ ?kdf ljrf/ ubf{ / x]bf{ Pp6f JolQm jf ;+:yf s'g} klg lgsfodf ;]jfu|fxLsf] ?kdf k|:t't x'Fbf eg] ;'zf;g eP gePsf] uDeL/ ?kdf x]g]{ / vf]tNg'sf] ;fy} s'g} sdL sdhf]/L ePsf] cj:yfdf ;'zf;g sfod ug{ g;s]sf] u'gf;f] / cfjfh cleJoQm u/]sf] kfOG5 . t/ cfkm" sfo{/t ;+:yfaf6 lglZrt ;]jfx? k|bfg ubf{ cfˆgf] ;+:yfaf6 lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s ;'zf;gsf] d"No / dfGotf cg'?k ;]jfu|fxLn] cg"e"t x'g] u/L sfo{ ug{ ;lsPsf] 5 ls 5}g eGg] tkm{ eg] ;r]t ePsf] kfOb}g . cfkm"n] cGo lgsfodf c;xh x'bf d}n] ;Dkfbg ug' {kg]{ ;+:yfdf klg ;f]xL cg'?k ;f]Rg ;lsPsf] v08df dfq ;'zf;gsf] ljifon] d"t{ ?k lng ;Sb5 . 68
;'zf;gsf] lhDd]jf/ kIfdf s]jn sfo{kflnsf cGt{utsf lgsfox? kIfdf dfq a9L hf]8 lbOb} cfPsf] 5 t/ o;sf] ;fy} /fhgLlts, pBf]uL, Joj;foL, gful/s ;dfh, lghL If]q, sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{ ljwfosx?, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug] { ;'/Iff lgsfox?, ljlwsf] zf;g :yflkt ug]{ Gofostf{x?, :yfgLo lgsfox?, k|fl1s, af}l4s 1fg lbg] ljleGg txsf z}lIfs ;+:yfx? cflb ;a}sf] s'g} g s'g} ?kdf ;'zf;gsf] ;sf/fTds e"ldsfsf] nflu lhDd]jf/L / bfloTj /x]sf] x'G5 . o;sf] nflu /fHon] ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf ;'zf;g sfod ug] { / hgtfdf ;f]sf] cg'e"lt u/fpg ljleGg sfg"g, lgod, lgb] {lzsf cflbsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf 5g . jf:tjdf ;'zf;g ;Qf ;~rfnssf] Jojxf/df, ;fj{hlgs gLltsf] lgdf{0f / k|fyldstf / ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0ff ug]{ kbflwsf/Lsf] sfo{ z}nLdf k|ltljDaLt x'g'kb{5 . ;'zf;gsf] cj:yfsf] jf/]df x]bf{ s] ;'zf;g kSs} 5}g t eGg] k|Zg p7g ;S5 t/ s]xL ePklg o;sf s]xL ;sf/fTds kIfx? /x]sf 5g . ;'zf;g k|zf;g, ljsf; / hgtfsf] ;xeflutf;+u k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVb5 . o;cg'?k kl5Nnf] ;dodf ljsf; k|lqmof / zf;sLo k|0ffnLdf ;/f]sf/jfnsf] ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttf, ljs]lGb|s/0f cjwf/0ffsf] sfof{Gjog, gful/s a8fkq nufotsf ;/sf/L sfo{k|lqmofaf6 kf/blz{tfdf clej[l4, Joj;flospGd'v k|zf;lgs Jojxf/, lghL If]q / gful/s ;dfh;+usf] ;xsfo{, ;'zf;gnfO{ Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L sfof{gjogsf] nflu ;'zf;g -Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng_ P]g @)^$ / lgodfjnL @)^% hf/L x'g' cflb ;sf/fTds kIf dfGg ;lsG5 . o;sf] d'n p4]Zo ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gnfO{ hgd'vL, hjfkmb]xL, kf/bzL{, ;dfj]zL tyf hg;xeflutfd'ns agfpg] h:tf ljifox? /x]sf 5g . e|i6rf/d'Qm / r':t k|zf;g, ljs]Gb|Ls/0f, ljQLo cg'zf;g, c;n zf;gsf cfwf/e"t dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L ;j{;fwf/0fn] kfpg'kg]{ ;]jf l56f], 5l/tf] tyf sd vlr{nf] 9+Ëaf6 kfpg] cj:yf l;h{gf ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . ;'zf;g P]gn] dGqL, d'Vo ;lrj, ;lrj, ljefuLo k|d'v / sfof{no k|d'vsf] lhDd]jf/L :ki6 pNn]v u/]sf] 5 eg] k|zf;lgs sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ lglZrt sfo{ljlw cjnDag u/L lglZrt ;dodf ;DkGg ug' {kg]{, lg0f{osf cfwf/ :ki6 pNn]v ug'{kg]{ / kf/blz{tf sfod ul/g'kg]{ ;d]t pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs rf;f]sf] ljifo sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf gful/s ;dfh;+u k/fdz{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf 5g . /fi6«;]jsn] k]zfut jf kbLo cfr/0fsf] kfng ug'{kg]{, ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{sf] Joj:yf, u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ug' {kg]{ u/L P]gn] tf]s]sf] 5 . To;sf] nflu lglZrt sfo{ljlwx? / sfo{ ug'{kg]{ ljifox? ;d]t ls6fg ul/Psf 5g h:tf] ;do ;dodf 3'DtL lzlj/ ;~rfng ug'{kg]{, gful/s a8fkqsf] Joj:yf / sfof{Gjog, ;f] cg'?k sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{, sfo{ km5of}{6sf] nflu k|fyldstfg';f/ -t'?Gt, clth?/L, h?/L / ;fwf/0f_ lglZrt cjlwdf ;f] km5of}{6 tyf hjfkm k7fpg' kg]{ sf'ggL Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;'zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjo0f ub}{ cfdhgtfsf] dfem k'Ug ljutb]lv g} ljleGg ;]jfd"ns sfo{x? ;d]t ;+rfng ul/b} cfPsf] 5 eg] cfjZostfg';f/sf] P]g, lgod / lgb]{lzsfx? ;d]t 69
- Page 25 and 26: ;j]{If0fsf nflu cfly{s?kn] ;lqmo Jo
- Page 27 and 28: @= g]kfndf /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf >d zlQ
- Page 29 and 30: !)= k|f/lDes vfnsf Aoj;fox? 10.5 12
- Page 31 and 32: gjzf:qLo d"No pTk|]/0ff 9frfn] k"hL
- Page 33 and 34: x'g] lgdf{0f tyf >dd"ns sfo{df jif{
- Page 35 and 36: ljljwtfsf] Joj:yfkg M g]kfn ;Gbe{ z
- Page 37 and 38: dflg;x?df ;lxi0f'tf, nrstf / Ps cfk
- Page 39 and 40: d]6fpbf c;Gt'i6 ;d'xsf] hGd x'g] eP
- Page 41 and 42: k|hftflGqs Joj:yf cufn]sf] d'n'sdf
- Page 43 and 44: s'n hg;+Vofdf k|ltzt lhNnfut ?kdf j
- Page 45 and 46: ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx? != g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
- Page 47 and 48: != pTk|]/0ff sd{rf/LnfO{ cfˆgf] sf
- Page 49 and 50: • >d÷sfo{sf] :t/ / k'/:sf/aLr tf
- Page 51 and 52: • g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/afxLnfO{
- Page 53 and 54: k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] . o:tf] s
- Page 55 and 56: • cfk"m axfn /x]sf] ljefu jf ;f]
- Page 57 and 58: @=!=^ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg] s'
- Page 59 and 60: • ;]jf k|jfxsf] k|fyldstf, • If
- Page 61 and 62: ^= ;]jf ;'ljwf k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:y
- Page 63 and 64: hnjfo' kl/jt{g Joj:yfkgsf ;Gbe{df h
- Page 65 and 66: lqmofsnfk k[YjLsf] rf]vf]kg ljufg{d
- Page 67 and 68: tyf ljsf;f]Gd'v b'j} ;d"xsf d'n'sx?
- Page 69 and 70: • hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;Gbe{df x'g] k
- Page 71 and 72: • to ul/Psf] pQm ;+s]t -!, @ jf #
- Page 73 and 74: j[xt g]kfnL zAbsf]z cg';f/ ;'zf;gsf
- Page 75: cf=j= @)^^÷)^& sf] ah]6 jQmJo •
- Page 79 and 80: nfO{ k|f]T;fxg glbg', pQ/bfloTjsf]
- Page 81 and 82: • /fi6«;]jsdf hgtfk|ltsf] lhDd]j
- Page 83 and 84: ^= ;'zf;gsf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4sf
- Page 85 and 86: plQs} dxTj /fVb5 . :sfg8]leog d'n's
- Page 87 and 88: s"n ;/sf/L vr{sf] 4 k|ltzt /x]sf] %
- Page 89 and 90: sdhf]/ /x]sf] % eg] csf{lt/ cfkm"x?
- Page 91 and 92: • g]kfn]sf] ;+ljwfgdf ;+:yfg lgod
- Page 93 and 94: lgisif{ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx? ;/sf/sf ;
- Page 95 and 96: ToxfF sfg"gsf] zf;g x' Fb}g . hxfF
- Page 97 and 98: k|zf;sLo sfg"g /fHo ;~rfngsf] cfwf/
- Page 99 and 100: ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] ljleGg cof]Uo g7xl
- Page 101 and 102: clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ cfTdlgi7 thljh
- Page 103 and 104: l/6 lgj]bgdf JofVof ub}{ elgPsf] 5-
- Page 105 and 106: dfwj s'df/ a:g]t lj?4 k|wfgdGqL ;d]
- Page 107 and 108: Goflos dgsf] k|of]u u/L 5fgljg u/]/
- Page 109 and 110: dfGo x'g g;Sg] eGb} ;jf] {Rr cbfntn
- Page 111 and 112: agfPaf6 ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf lbg'kg]{
- Page 113 and 114: sf/jfxLx? cfkm}df Jojl:yt / dof{lbt
- Page 115 and 116: kb v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf4f/f sfo{Ifdtfs
- Page 117 and 118: @=! lghfdtL ;]jf P]g cGtu{tsf kbx?
- Page 119 and 120: dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ k|ltzt lgwf{/0
- Page 121 and 122: @=@=! P3f/f} / gjf} tx clws[t P3f/f
- Page 123 and 124: 5 5 X 80 = 4.00 100 4 5 X 20 = 1.00
- Page 125 and 126: $= ;dfj]zLtkm{sf ljleGg ;d"xsf] nfl
;'zf;gsf] lhDd]jf/ kIfdf s]jn sfo{kflnsf cGt{utsf lgsfox? kIfdf dfq a9L hf]8 lbOb}<br />
cfPsf] 5 t/ o;sf] ;fy} /fhgLlts, pBf]uL, Joj;foL, gful/s ;dfh, lghL If]q, sfg"g lgdf{0f<br />
ug]{ ljwfosx?, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug] { ;'/Iff lgsfox?, ljlwsf] zf;g :yflkt ug]{<br />
Gofostf{x?, :yfgLo lgsfox?, k|fl1s, af}l4s 1fg lbg] ljleGg txsf z}lIfs ;+:yfx? cflb<br />
;a}sf] s'g} g s'g} ?kdf ;'zf;gsf] ;sf/fTds e"ldsfsf] nflu lhDd]jf/L / bfloTj /x]sf] x'G5 .<br />
o;sf] nflu /fHon] ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf ;'zf;g sfod ug] { / hgtfdf ;f]sf] cg'e"lt u/fpg<br />
ljleGg sfg"g, lgod, lgb] {lzsf cflbsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf 5g . jf:tjdf ;'zf;g ;Qf ;~rfnssf]<br />
Jojxf/df, ;fj{hlgs gLltsf] lgdf{0f / k|fyldstf / ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0ff ug]{ kbflwsf/Lsf] sfo{<br />
z}nLdf k|ltljDaLt x'g'kb{5 .<br />
;'zf;gsf] cj:yfsf] jf/]df x]bf{ s] ;'zf;g kSs} 5}g t eGg] k|Zg p7g ;S5 t/ s]xL ePklg<br />
o;sf s]xL ;sf/fTds kIfx? /x]sf 5g . ;'zf;g k|zf;g, ljsf; / hgtfsf] ;xeflutf;+u k|ToIf<br />
;/f]sf/ /fVb5 . o;cg'?k kl5Nnf] ;dodf ljsf; k|lqmof / zf;sLo k|0ffnLdf ;/f]sf/jfnsf]<br />
;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttf, ljs]lGb|s/0f cjwf/0ffsf] sfof{Gjog, gful/s a8fkq nufotsf ;/sf/L<br />
sfo{k|lqmofaf6 kf/blz{tfdf clej[l4, Joj;flospGd'v k|zf;lgs Jojxf/, lghL If]q / gful/s<br />
;dfh;+usf] ;xsfo{, ;'zf;gnfO{ Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L sfof{gjogsf] nflu ;'zf;g -Joj:yfkg<br />
tyf ;~rfng_ P]g @)^$ / lgodfjnL @)^% hf/L x'g' cflb ;sf/fTds kIf dfGg ;lsG5 . o;sf]<br />
d'n p4]Zo ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gnfO{ hgd'vL, hjfkmb]xL, kf/bzL{, ;dfj]zL tyf hg;xeflutfd'ns<br />
agfpg] h:tf ljifox? /x]sf 5g . e|i6rf/d'Qm / r':t k|zf;g, ljs]Gb|Ls/0f, ljQLo cg'zf;g,<br />
c;n zf;gsf cfwf/e"t dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L ;j{;fwf/0fn] kfpg'kg]{ ;]jf l56f], 5l/tf]<br />
tyf sd vlr{nf] 9+Ëaf6 kfpg] cj:yf l;h{gf ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . ;'zf;g P]gn] dGqL, d'Vo ;lrj,<br />
;lrj, ljefuLo k|d'v / sfof{no k|d'vsf] lhDd]jf/L :ki6 pNn]v u/]sf] 5 eg] k|zf;lgs sfo{<br />
;Dkfbg ubf{ lglZrt sfo{ljlw cjnDag u/L lglZrt ;dodf ;DkGg ug' {kg]{, lg0f{osf cfwf/<br />
:ki6 pNn]v ug'{kg]{ / kf/blz{tf sfod ul/g'kg]{ ;d]t pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs rf;f]sf]<br />
ljifo sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf gful/s ;dfh;+u k/fdz{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf<br />
5g . /fi6«;]jsn] k]zfut jf kbLo cfr/0fsf] kfng ug'{kg]{, ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{sf] Joj:yf, u'gf;f]<br />
Joj:yfkg ug' {kg]{ u/L P]gn] tf]s]sf] 5 . To;sf] nflu lglZrt sfo{ljlwx? / sfo{ ug'{kg]{ ljifox?<br />
;d]t ls6fg ul/Psf 5g h:tf] ;do ;dodf 3'DtL lzlj/ ;~rfng ug'{kg]{, gful/s a8fkqsf]<br />
Joj:yf / sfof{Gjog, ;f] cg'?k sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{, sfo{ km5of}{6sf] nflu k|fyldstfg';f/<br />
-t'?Gt, clth?/L, h?/L / ;fwf/0f_ lglZrt cjlwdf ;f] km5of}{6 tyf hjfkm k7fpg' kg]{ sf'ggL<br />
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .<br />
;'zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjo0f ub}{ cfdhgtfsf] dfem k'Ug ljutb]lv g} ljleGg ;]jfd"ns<br />
sfo{x? ;d]t ;+rfng ul/b} cfPsf] 5 eg] cfjZostfg';f/sf] P]g, lgod / lgb]{lzsfx? ;d]t<br />
69
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