book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
book setup 2069 nijamati.indd book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
*= hnjfo" kl/jt{gsf sf/0f pTkGg ljkb hf]lvdnfO Go"g ug]{ . (= xl/t u[x UofF;sf] pT;h{g sd ug]{ tyf Go"g—sfj{g pT;h{g ug]{ phf{sf] k|of]u ug{sfnfuL k'gg{ljs/0fLo Pj+ j}slNks phf{sf] pTkfbg, k|of]u tyf o; ;DaGwL k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug]{ sfo{qmd . !)= hnjfo" kl/jt{g;+u ;DalGwt ;"rgf, lzIff, ;~rf/, cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; Pj+ tTYofÍ ;Íng ug{] sfo{qmd . !!= hnjfo" kl/jt{g ;+jGwdf cfjZos gLlt, sfg"g Pj+ sfo{ of]hgf tof/ ug]{ sfo{qmd . hnjfo' ah]6 sf]l8ª ug]{ tl/sf dfly pNn]lvt sfo{qmx? cyf{t xl/t u[x UofF;sf] pT;h{g sd ug]{ jf j9\g glbg], jfo'd08ndf ePsf] xl/tu[x UofF; k|zf]rg ug] {, hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] sf/0fjf6 dfgjLo tyf k|fs[lts k|0ffnLdf kg]{ k|efjsf] ;fdgf ug{ ] Ifdtf clea[l4 jf cg's'ng ug]{ h:tf sfo{x?df lgDg adf]lhd vr{ ePdf jf x'g] ePdf sfo{qmd ah]6 kmf/ddf lgDg adf]lhdsf] hnjfo' ah]6 sf]8 -;ª\s]t_ k|of]u ug{' kb{5 . vr{sf] cg'kft pkfb]otf ah]6df pNN]fv x'g] sf]8 -;+s]t_ ^) k|ltzteGbf a9L vr{x'g] ePdf cToGt ;fGble{s ! @) k|ltztb]lv ^) k|ltzt;Dd vr{x'g] ePdf ;fGble{s @ @) k|ltzteGbf sd vr{x'g] ePdf jf k|:tfljt sfo{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g;+u ;DalGwt gePdf t6:y # k|:tfljt ah]6df hnjfo' ah]6 sf]8 lgDg adf]lhd k|of]u ug{'kg{]5 M • hnjfo' ah]6 sf]l8ª ubf{ ljsf; tkm{sf] vr{dfq sf]l8ª ug{], ;fwf/0ftkm{ sf]l8ª ug{ gkg{] • dGqfno÷ljefux?n] cf–cfkm\gf] k|:tfljt aflif{s sfo{qmdsf] k|To]s sfo{qmd hnjfo' kl/jt{g;+u ;DalGwt eP gePsf] pNn]v ug{ æ5Æ jf æ5}gÆ n]Vg] . • æ5Æ n]lvPsf ;a} sfo{qmsf] ah]6 hf]8\g] / k|ltzt lgsfNg] . • pQm k|ltztsf] cfwf/df pQm sfo{qmd !, @ jf # s'gdf k5{ to ug{] . 62
• to ul/Psf] pQm ;+s]t -!, @ jf #_ nfO{ ah]6 km/fdsf] dfyL of}6f aS; agfP/ n]Vg] . • ah]6 ;DalGw efu ! kmf/fddf n}lËs ;ª\s]t kl5 æhnjfo' ;ª\s]tÆ dxn yKg] / k|To]s sfo{qmdsf] nflu hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;ª\s]t n]Vg] . pk;+xf/ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ljifo cGt/ If]qnfO{ k|efj kfg] { ljifo xf] . o;n] hghLjgsf ;j} cfofdnfO{ k|efj kfl//x]sf] 5 . o;af6 kg]{ k|efjnfO{ Go'g ug{ / cg's"lnt x'g /fHoaf6 clVtof/ ul/g] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ klg hnjfo' kl/jt{gd}qL agfpg' cfjZos 5 . cf j @)^(÷&) sf] ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th' {dfsf ;dob]lv Climate Expenditure Budget Code nfO{ jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] Pp6f cfwf/ ;"rssf ?kdf ckgfpg nfluPsf] 5 . o;n] /fHosf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdn] hnjfo' kl/jt{g h:tf] uDeL/ / b"/ufdL k|efj kfg]{ ljifonfO{ s;/L / s'g :t/df ;+jf]wg u/]sf] 5 eGg] ljZn]if0f ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} /fHoaf6 th'{df x'g] gLlt÷sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/ ;d]t aGb5 . o;sf cnfjf g]kfnn] cGt/fli6«o hutdf u/]sf] k|ltj4tf cg'?k gLlt sfo{qmd s;/L ;+jf]wg ePsf] 5 eGg] cfwf/ ;d]t lbg] x'gfn] g]kfndf hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL sf]if k|jfx / ;xfotf kl/rfngnfO{ ;d]t ;3fp k'¥ofpg] 5 . o; k|sf/sf] ah]6 sf]8 k|of]u ug]{ g]kfn klxnf] d'n's ePsf]n] o;sf] 5'§} dxTj klg 5 . t/ ;/f]sf/ lgsfo tyf dGqfnox?af6 o;nfO{ kmut cf}krfl/stfsf] ?kdf glnO{ cfGtl/sLs/0f ul/g' eg] cfjZos 5 . ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?M hnjfo' kl/jt{g ah]6 sf]8 -;Gbe{ k'l:tsf_, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, @)%( . g]kfndf ah]6 / of]hgf, uf]kLgfy d}gfnL, ;f]kfg dfl;s, sf7df8f} +, @)^& . 63
- Page 19 and 20: s]lx jif{ cl3 ef/tsf] e"kfn Uof; sD
- Page 21 and 22: kfngf / lgoldttf jf/] ;r]t u/fOPsf]
- Page 23 and 24: ;Gbe{ ;"rL != C.B. Mamoria, (1985)
- Page 25 and 26: ;j]{If0fsf nflu cfly{s?kn] ;lqmo Jo
- Page 27 and 28: @= g]kfndf /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf >d zlQ
- Page 29 and 30: !)= k|f/lDes vfnsf Aoj;fox? 10.5 12
- Page 31 and 32: gjzf:qLo d"No pTk|]/0ff 9frfn] k"hL
- Page 33 and 34: x'g] lgdf{0f tyf >dd"ns sfo{df jif{
- Page 35 and 36: ljljwtfsf] Joj:yfkg M g]kfn ;Gbe{ z
- Page 37 and 38: dflg;x?df ;lxi0f'tf, nrstf / Ps cfk
- Page 39 and 40: d]6fpbf c;Gt'i6 ;d'xsf] hGd x'g] eP
- Page 41 and 42: k|hftflGqs Joj:yf cufn]sf] d'n'sdf
- Page 43 and 44: s'n hg;+Vofdf k|ltzt lhNnfut ?kdf j
- Page 45 and 46: ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx? != g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
- Page 47 and 48: != pTk|]/0ff sd{rf/LnfO{ cfˆgf] sf
- Page 49 and 50: • >d÷sfo{sf] :t/ / k'/:sf/aLr tf
- Page 51 and 52: • g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/afxLnfO{
- Page 53 and 54: k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] . o:tf] s
- Page 55 and 56: • cfk"m axfn /x]sf] ljefu jf ;f]
- Page 57 and 58: @=!=^ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg] s'
- Page 59 and 60: • ;]jf k|jfxsf] k|fyldstf, • If
- Page 61 and 62: ^= ;]jf ;'ljwf k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:y
- Page 63 and 64: hnjfo' kl/jt{g Joj:yfkgsf ;Gbe{df h
- Page 65 and 66: lqmofsnfk k[YjLsf] rf]vf]kg ljufg{d
- Page 67 and 68: tyf ljsf;f]Gd'v b'j} ;d"xsf d'n'sx?
- Page 69: • hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;Gbe{df x'g] k
- Page 73 and 74: j[xt g]kfnL zAbsf]z cg';f/ ;'zf;gsf
- Page 75 and 76: cf=j= @)^^÷)^& sf] ah]6 jQmJo •
- Page 77 and 78: ;'zf;gsf] lhDd]jf/ kIfdf s]jn sfo{k
- Page 79 and 80: nfO{ k|f]T;fxg glbg', pQ/bfloTjsf]
- Page 81 and 82: • /fi6«;]jsdf hgtfk|ltsf] lhDd]j
- Page 83 and 84: ^= ;'zf;gsf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4sf
- Page 85 and 86: plQs} dxTj /fVb5 . :sfg8]leog d'n's
- Page 87 and 88: s"n ;/sf/L vr{sf] 4 k|ltzt /x]sf] %
- Page 89 and 90: sdhf]/ /x]sf] % eg] csf{lt/ cfkm"x?
- Page 91 and 92: • g]kfn]sf] ;+ljwfgdf ;+:yfg lgod
- Page 93 and 94: lgisif{ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx? ;/sf/sf ;
- Page 95 and 96: ToxfF sfg"gsf] zf;g x' Fb}g . hxfF
- Page 97 and 98: k|zf;sLo sfg"g /fHo ;~rfngsf] cfwf/
- Page 99 and 100: ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] ljleGg cof]Uo g7xl
- Page 101 and 102: clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ cfTdlgi7 thljh
- Page 103 and 104: l/6 lgj]bgdf JofVof ub}{ elgPsf] 5-
- Page 105 and 106: dfwj s'df/ a:g]t lj?4 k|wfgdGqL ;d]
- Page 107 and 108: Goflos dgsf] k|of]u u/L 5fgljg u/]/
- Page 109 and 110: dfGo x'g g;Sg] eGb} ;jf] {Rr cbfntn
- Page 111 and 112: agfPaf6 ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf lbg'kg]{
- Page 113 and 114: sf/jfxLx? cfkm}df Jojl:yt / dof{lbt
- Page 115 and 116: kb v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf4f/f sfo{Ifdtfs
- Page 117 and 118: @=! lghfdtL ;]jf P]g cGtu{tsf kbx?
- Page 119 and 120: dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ k|ltzt lgwf{/0
• to ul/Psf] pQm ;+s]t -!, @ jf #_ nfO{ ah]6 km/fdsf] dfyL of}6f aS; agfP/ n]Vg] .<br />
• ah]6 ;DalGw efu ! kmf/fddf n}lËs ;ª\s]t kl5 æhnjfo' ;ª\s]tÆ dxn yKg] / k|To]s<br />
sfo{qmdsf] nflu hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;ª\s]t n]Vg] .<br />
pk;+xf/<br />
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ljifo cGt/ If]qnfO{ k|efj kfg] { ljifo xf] . o;n] hghLjgsf ;j} cfofdnfO{<br />
k|efj kfl//x]sf] 5 . o;af6 kg]{ k|efjnfO{ Go'g ug{ / cg's"lnt x'g /fHoaf6 clVtof/ ul/g]<br />
gLlt tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ klg hnjfo' kl/jt{gd}qL agfpg' cfjZos 5 . cf j @)^(÷&) sf]<br />
ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th' {dfsf ;dob]lv Climate Expenditure Budget Code nfO{ jflif{s ljsf;<br />
sfo{qmdsf] Pp6f cfwf/ ;"rssf ?kdf ckgfpg nfluPsf] 5 . o;n] /fHosf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdn]<br />
hnjfo' kl/jt{g h:tf] uDeL/ / b"/ufdL k|efj kfg]{ ljifonfO{ s;/L / s'g :t/df ;+jf]wg u/]sf]<br />
5 eGg] ljZn]if0f ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} /fHoaf6 th'{df x'g] gLlt÷sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/ ;d]t<br />
aGb5 . o;sf cnfjf g]kfnn] cGt/fli6«o hutdf u/]sf] k|ltj4tf cg'?k gLlt sfo{qmd s;/L<br />
;+jf]wg ePsf] 5 eGg] cfwf/ ;d]t lbg] x'gfn] g]kfndf hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL sf]if k|jfx /<br />
;xfotf kl/rfngnfO{ ;d]t ;3fp k'¥ofpg] 5 . o; k|sf/sf] ah]6 sf]8 k|of]u ug]{ g]kfn klxnf]<br />
d'n's ePsf]n] o;sf] 5'§} dxTj klg 5 . t/ ;/f]sf/ lgsfo tyf dGqfnox?af6 o;nfO{ kmut<br />
cf}krfl/stfsf] ?kdf glnO{ cfGtl/sLs/0f ul/g' eg] cfjZos 5 .<br />
;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?M<br />
hnjfo' kl/jt{g ah]6 sf]8 -;Gbe{ k'l:tsf_, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, @)%( .<br />
g]kfndf ah]6 / of]hgf, uf]kLgfy d}gfnL, ;f]kfg dfl;s, sf7df8f} +, @)^& .<br />
63