book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
book setup 2069 nijamati.indd book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
cfof]hgf klxrfgsf ;dob]lv Joj:yfkgsf x/]s r/0fx?df cjnDjg ug{ ;lsG5 eg] h}ljs k|ljlw -jfof] Ol~hlgol/ª_ dfkm{t hnfwf/ tyf e";+/If0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu k|ljlw lj:tf/ / cg';Gwfg nufot cg's"ng cleofgdfgdf cGt/fli6«o–If]qLo–:yfgLo kfq;+u ;xsfo{ cfjZos 5 . xfn /fli6«o :t/df /fli6«o cg's"ng sfo{qmd sfo{of]hgf -gfkf_ sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fdf 5 . t/ hghLjgdf df};d kl/jt{gaf6 x'g] k|efjsf] Go"gLs/0fsf nflu sfo{of]hgf -gfdf_ agfpg eg] ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L k|of; ePsf 5}gg\ . ;r]tgf lj:tf/ nufotsf k|rf/ lqmofsnfkx? s]xL ePtf klg tL lqmofsnfk Plss[t ;dGoLt ?kdf ;~rfngdf 5}gg\ . u}/;/sf/L kfqx? dfq xf]Ogg\, ;/sf/L lgsfox?aLr g} sfo{qmd k|rf/d'vL sfo{qmd ;~rfng / j}b]lzs ;xfotf lng xf]8 rNg yfn]sf] 5 . h; lng] k|lt:kwf{ klg lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . ljZjsf w]/} cNkljsl;t d'n'sx?n] gfkf / gfdf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ Plss[t ?kaf6 tof/ u/L ;s]sf 5g\ . g]kfn oL sfo{x?df kl5 kg{ uof] eg] o;af6 jfXo ;xfotf kl/rfng / ;xsfo{df kl5 kg]{ ;Defjgf b]lvG5 . ;fy} d'n's clxn] csf] { cfjlws of]hgfsf] tof/Ldf /x]sfn] If]qut sfo{qmdnfO{ gfkf tyf gfdf sfo{qmdaLr ;fdf~h:otf :yflkt ub} { n}hfgsf nflu klg Ifdtf ljsf;, gLlt tyf lgsfoaLrsf] ;dGjo ;lxt pRr:t/sf] OR5fzlQm cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . pk]lIft kIf eg]sf] u|fdL0f hghLjg;Dd lj:tf/ x'g] u/L lj1fg k|ljlw lj:tf/ ug] { tkm{ ;f]lrPsf] 5}g . lj1fg k|ljlwsf lgsfo / ljZjljBfnox?nfO{ o;tkm{ kl/rfng ug]{ kxn l9nf e};s]sf] 5 . dfgjLo lqmofsnfksf sf/0f ljZjdf ePsf] sfj{g pT;h{g / tfkdfg a[l4n] hLjg rqm k|0ffnLdf k|lts"n c;/ kl//x]sf] ;Gbe{df k|efjnfO{ gLltut ?kdf ;+jf]wg ug{sf nflu ah]6 k|0ffnL slQ ;Ifd 5 eg]/ ah]6 tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{sf nflu hnjfo' kl/jt{g ah]6 sf]8 cfufdL cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷&) af6 nfu" ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] s]xL dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu rfn" cf j sf] z'?df g} /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;x;lrjsf] ;+of]hsTjdf cy{, jftfj/0f, ag, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf ;Dj4 kbflwsf/L ePsf] Ps sfo{bn u7g u/L ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf ;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g ah]6 sf]8 (Climate Expenditure Budget Code) th'{df ul/ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] ah]6 sfo{qmdnfO{ clGtd ?k lbbf /0fgLlts ;ª\s]t, ul/jL ;ª\s]t tyf n}lus ;+s]tsf ;fy o;nfO{ klg cjnDjg ug] { ePsf] 5 . ;+ejt g]kfn g} ljZjsf] klxnf] d'n's xf] h;n] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf d'2fnfO{ jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmdaf6 ljZn]if0f ug{ z'? u/]sf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{g ah]6 sf]8sf] ;Gbe{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f ljZjsf ;j}h;f] d'n'sx? k|efljt x'b} cfPsf 5g\ . hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg] sfdddf g]kfn h:tf clt sd ljsfl;t d'n'ssf] vf;} of]ubfg g/xg] klg o;sf] k|efjsf] hf]lvd eg] a9L g} /x]sf] 5 . oL k|efjaf6 aRg, cg's"lnt x'g / k|efj 36fpg ljsl;t 58
tyf ljsf;f]Gd'v b'j} ;d"xsf d'n'sx?n] ljleGg k|of;x? ub} { cfPsf 5g\ . ;|f]t tyf ;fwgsf] nufgL klg ub} { cfPsf 5g\ . t/ s] rflx hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf Joj:yfkgsf nflu ePsf] vr{ xf], s] rflx xf]Og, To;sf cfwf/ s] x'g\ eGg] ljifodf eg] vf;} gD;{ tyf dfkb08 lgdf{0f ePsf] kfOb}g . g t o; ljifodf cGt/fli6«o k|rng g} :yfkgf g} ePsf] 5 . clxn] cGt/fli6«o ljsf; ;xof]usf] Pp6f zt{sf ?kdf ;d]t hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ljifon] dxTj kfpg yfn]sf] 5 . g]kfndf hnjfo' kl/jt{g / To;sf r'gf}tLx? b]vfkg{ yfn]sf] / o;af6 hn;|f]t, s[lif tyf vfBfGg, jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtf, ef}lts k"Jff{wf/, hg:jf:Yo / ko{6g nufot hLljsf]kfh{gsf ;+;fwgx? cToflws dfqfdf k|efljt x'Fb} uO/x]sf]n] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ljifo dxTjk"0f{ / lrGtfsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . oL ;d:ofsf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/ ul/Psf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g gLlt @)^& n] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|lts"n k|efj Go"gLs/0f ub{ } hnjfo' cg's'lnt x' Fb}, Go"g sfj{g–pGd'v ;fdflhs cfly{s ljsf; kynfO{ cjnDag ub{} hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ;DoGqdf ePsf] k|ltj4tf cg'?k ;xof]u tyf ;xsfo{sf] k|j4{g u/L hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] nIo lnPsf] 5 . g]kfn hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o sGe]G;gsf] kIf /fi6« ePsfn] klg Toxfsf] k|ltj4tf cg'?ksf] sfo{ ug{ g}lts / k|fljlws ?kdf afWo 5 . ljutsf cfjlws of]hgfdf s]jn jftfj/0fLo kIfnfO{ dfq Wofg lbP/ cfof]hgfsf] lbuf]kgf ljZn]if0f ul/GYof] . rfn" lqjifL{o of]hgfsf] lgdf{0fsf] qmdb]lv g} of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ s;/L hnjfo' kl/jt{gd}qL (Climate Resilient) agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] kIfdf Wofg lbOof] . of]hgfn] ;j} sfo{qmdnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] cfvfn] ljZn]if0f u/]sf] lyof] / jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmdnfO{ clGtd ?k lbg] ;Gbe{df ;d]t cfof]hgf 5gf}6sf cfwf/x? (Climate Resilient Planning Frameworks) k|of]udf NofPsf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjogsf nflu dxTjk'0f{ x'g] cfly{s kIfsf ;DaGwdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g gLlt, @)^& n] Ps hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/L ;a} If]qaf6 k|fKt /sdx? sf]ifdf hDdf u/L :ynut sfo{qmdsf] nflu ah]6sf] sDtLdf *) k|ltzt /sd l;w} sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf k7fpg] gLlt lnPsf] 5 . gLltdf ;d]l6Psf ljifox?nfO{ cuf8L a9fpg] ;Gbe{df cfjZos ;+:yfut ;+/rgf / ah]6 sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ Wofg lbg' cfjZos 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sfo{qmdx?sf] ;dGjofTds 9ª\un] k|efjsf/L?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ nufgLsf] /0fgLlts ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; ug{' h?/L x'G5, h;n] nufgLsf] ;'lglZrttf sfod ug{ 'sf ;fy} ljleGg ;|f]t af6 k|fKt /sdsf] nufgLnfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg ;3fp k'¥ofcf];\ . nufgLsf] /0fgLlts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ ] ;Gbe{df hnjfo' kl/jtg{sf If]qdf xfn eO/fv]sf ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] k'g/fjnf]sgn] s]xL dfu{bz{g ug{;Sg] ePsf]n] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]uaf6 Ps cWoog ul/Psf] lyof], h;n] ljsf; ah]6df hnjfo' kl/jt{g sf]8sf] k|of]u ug{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 . 59
- Page 15 and 16: • sDkgLn] tf]lsPsf] pTkfbgdf kl/j
- Page 17 and 18: o;jf/] lg0f{o lnOG5 . clws[t / ;xfo
- Page 19 and 20: s]lx jif{ cl3 ef/tsf] e"kfn Uof; sD
- Page 21 and 22: kfngf / lgoldttf jf/] ;r]t u/fOPsf]
- Page 23 and 24: ;Gbe{ ;"rL != C.B. Mamoria, (1985)
- Page 25 and 26: ;j]{If0fsf nflu cfly{s?kn] ;lqmo Jo
- Page 27 and 28: @= g]kfndf /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf >d zlQ
- Page 29 and 30: !)= k|f/lDes vfnsf Aoj;fox? 10.5 12
- Page 31 and 32: gjzf:qLo d"No pTk|]/0ff 9frfn] k"hL
- Page 33 and 34: x'g] lgdf{0f tyf >dd"ns sfo{df jif{
- Page 35 and 36: ljljwtfsf] Joj:yfkg M g]kfn ;Gbe{ z
- Page 37 and 38: dflg;x?df ;lxi0f'tf, nrstf / Ps cfk
- Page 39 and 40: d]6fpbf c;Gt'i6 ;d'xsf] hGd x'g] eP
- Page 41 and 42: k|hftflGqs Joj:yf cufn]sf] d'n'sdf
- Page 43 and 44: s'n hg;+Vofdf k|ltzt lhNnfut ?kdf j
- Page 45 and 46: ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx? != g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
- Page 47 and 48: != pTk|]/0ff sd{rf/LnfO{ cfˆgf] sf
- Page 49 and 50: • >d÷sfo{sf] :t/ / k'/:sf/aLr tf
- Page 51 and 52: • g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/afxLnfO{
- Page 53 and 54: k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] . o:tf] s
- Page 55 and 56: • cfk"m axfn /x]sf] ljefu jf ;f]
- Page 57 and 58: @=!=^ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg] s'
- Page 59 and 60: • ;]jf k|jfxsf] k|fyldstf, • If
- Page 61 and 62: ^= ;]jf ;'ljwf k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:y
- Page 63 and 64: hnjfo' kl/jt{g Joj:yfkgsf ;Gbe{df h
- Page 65: lqmofsnfk k[YjLsf] rf]vf]kg ljufg{d
- Page 69 and 70: • hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;Gbe{df x'g] k
- Page 71 and 72: • to ul/Psf] pQm ;+s]t -!, @ jf #
- Page 73 and 74: j[xt g]kfnL zAbsf]z cg';f/ ;'zf;gsf
- Page 75 and 76: cf=j= @)^^÷)^& sf] ah]6 jQmJo •
- Page 77 and 78: ;'zf;gsf] lhDd]jf/ kIfdf s]jn sfo{k
- Page 79 and 80: nfO{ k|f]T;fxg glbg', pQ/bfloTjsf]
- Page 81 and 82: • /fi6«;]jsdf hgtfk|ltsf] lhDd]j
- Page 83 and 84: ^= ;'zf;gsf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4sf
- Page 85 and 86: plQs} dxTj /fVb5 . :sfg8]leog d'n's
- Page 87 and 88: s"n ;/sf/L vr{sf] 4 k|ltzt /x]sf] %
- Page 89 and 90: sdhf]/ /x]sf] % eg] csf{lt/ cfkm"x?
- Page 91 and 92: • g]kfn]sf] ;+ljwfgdf ;+:yfg lgod
- Page 93 and 94: lgisif{ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx? ;/sf/sf ;
- Page 95 and 96: ToxfF sfg"gsf] zf;g x' Fb}g . hxfF
- Page 97 and 98: k|zf;sLo sfg"g /fHo ;~rfngsf] cfwf/
- Page 99 and 100: ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] ljleGg cof]Uo g7xl
- Page 101 and 102: clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ cfTdlgi7 thljh
- Page 103 and 104: l/6 lgj]bgdf JofVof ub}{ elgPsf] 5-
- Page 105 and 106: dfwj s'df/ a:g]t lj?4 k|wfgdGqL ;d]
- Page 107 and 108: Goflos dgsf] k|of]u u/L 5fgljg u/]/
- Page 109 and 110: dfGo x'g g;Sg] eGb} ;jf] {Rr cbfntn
- Page 111 and 112: agfPaf6 ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf lbg'kg]{
- Page 113 and 114: sf/jfxLx? cfkm}df Jojl:yt / dof{lbt
- Page 115 and 116: kb v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf4f/f sfo{Ifdtfs
tyf ljsf;f]Gd'v b'j} ;d"xsf d'n'sx?n] ljleGg k|of;x? ub} { cfPsf 5g\ . ;|f]t tyf ;fwgsf]<br />
nufgL klg ub} { cfPsf 5g\ . t/ s] rflx hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf Joj:yfkgsf nflu ePsf] vr{ xf],<br />
s] rflx xf]Og, To;sf cfwf/ s] x'g\ eGg] ljifodf eg] vf;} gD;{ tyf dfkb08 lgdf{0f ePsf]<br />
kfOb}g . g t o; ljifodf cGt/fli6«o k|rng g} :yfkgf g} ePsf] 5 . clxn] cGt/fli6«o ljsf;<br />
;xof]usf] Pp6f zt{sf ?kdf ;d]t hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ljifon] dxTj kfpg yfn]sf] 5 .<br />
g]kfndf hnjfo' kl/jt{g / To;sf r'gf}tLx? b]vfkg{ yfn]sf] / o;af6 hn;|f]t, s[lif tyf<br />
vfBfGg, jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtf, ef}lts k"Jff{wf/, hg:jf:Yo / ko{6g nufot hLljsf]kfh{gsf<br />
;+;fwgx? cToflws dfqfdf k|efljt x'Fb} uO/x]sf]n] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ljifo dxTjk"0f{ /<br />
lrGtfsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . oL ;d:ofsf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/ ul/Psf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g gLlt @)^&<br />
n] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|lts"n k|efj Go"gLs/0f ub{ } hnjfo' cg's'lnt x' Fb}, Go"g sfj{g–pGd'v<br />
;fdflhs cfly{s ljsf; kynfO{ cjnDag ub{} hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o<br />
;DoGqdf ePsf] k|ltj4tf cg'?k ;xof]u tyf ;xsfo{sf] k|j4{g u/L hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg]<br />
nIo lnPsf] 5 .<br />
g]kfn hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o sGe]G;gsf] kIf /fi6« ePsfn] klg Toxfsf] k|ltj4tf<br />
cg'?ksf] sfo{ ug{ g}lts / k|fljlws ?kdf afWo 5 . ljutsf cfjlws of]hgfdf s]jn jftfj/0fLo<br />
kIfnfO{ dfq Wofg lbP/ cfof]hgfsf] lbuf]kgf ljZn]if0f ul/GYof] . rfn" lqjifL{o of]hgfsf] lgdf{0fsf]<br />
qmdb]lv g} of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ s;/L hnjfo' kl/jt{gd}qL (Climate Resilient) agfpg<br />
;lsG5 eGg] kIfdf Wofg lbOof] . of]hgfn] ;j} sfo{qmdnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] cfvfn] ljZn]if0f<br />
u/]sf] lyof] / jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmdnfO{ clGtd ?k lbg] ;Gbe{df ;d]t cfof]hgf 5gf}6sf<br />
cfwf/x? (Climate Resilient Planning Frameworks) k|of]udf NofPsf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf<br />
sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjogsf nflu dxTjk'0f{ x'g] cfly{s kIfsf ;DaGwdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g gLlt, @)^&<br />
n] Ps hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/L ;a} If]qaf6 k|fKt /sdx? sf]ifdf hDdf u/L :ynut<br />
sfo{qmdsf] nflu ah]6sf] sDtLdf *) k|ltzt /sd l;w} sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf k7fpg] gLlt<br />
lnPsf] 5 . gLltdf ;d]l6Psf ljifox?nfO{ cuf8L a9fpg] ;Gbe{df cfjZos ;+:yfut ;+/rgf /<br />
ah]6 sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ Wofg lbg' cfjZos 5 .<br />
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sfo{qmdx?sf] ;dGjofTds 9ª\un] k|efjsf/L?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ nufgLsf]<br />
/0fgLlts ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; ug{' h?/L x'G5, h;n] nufgLsf] ;'lglZrttf sfod ug{ 'sf ;fy} ljleGg<br />
;|f]t af6 k|fKt /sdsf] nufgLnfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg ;3fp k'¥ofcf];\ . nufgLsf] /0fgLlts ;+/rgf<br />
lgdf{0f ug{ ] ;Gbe{df hnjfo' kl/jtg{sf If]qdf xfn eO/fv]sf ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] k'g/fjnf]sgn]<br />
s]xL dfu{bz{g ug{;Sg] ePsf]n] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]uaf6 Ps cWoog ul/Psf] lyof], h;n] ljsf;<br />
ah]6df hnjfo' kl/jt{g sf]8sf] k|of]u ug{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 .<br />
59
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