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18.02.2015 Views

cj:yfdf ljv08gsf] cj:yf cfpg ;S5 20 . ;f+:s[lts ;dfgtfsf] cfwf/df :jfoQtfsf] v]fhL ubf{ jx'dtsf] nflu hfltut ;+xf/ jf jnft\ :yfgfGt/0fsf] cj:yf cfpg ;S5 21 . jf]l:gofdf of] cj:yf b]lvPsf] lyof]22 . (= g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{ g]kfn d"ntM cNk;+Vosx?sf] b]z xf] 23 . ljs|d ;+Djt\ @)%* sf] hgu0fgf 24 df klxrfg ul/Psf !)) hft÷hflt dWo] ^ cf]6f hft÷hfltsf] hg;+Vof dfq s'n hg;+Vofsf] % k|ltzt eGbf j9L 5 . s'n hg;+Vofsf] )=% k|ltzt hg;+Vof ePsf hft÷hflt #! Dffq 5g\ . w]/} hft÷hfltsf] hg;+Vof Psbd} sd 5 M %# j6f hft÷hflt ;d'xsf] hg;+Vof %),))) eGbf sd 5 . o; dWo] klg !( j6f ;d'xsf] ;Vof %,))) eGbf sd 5 25 . g]kfndf hg;+Vofsf] lx;fjn] ;a} eGbf 7"nf !! ;d'xsf] hg;+Vof s/Lj ^*=$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . oL !! ;d'x dWo] % ;d'x dfq lhNnfdf jx'dt cyf{t %) k|ltzt eGbf dfly /x]sf 5g\ eg] 7"nf] hg;+Vosf] ;d'x x'bf x'b} klg ^ ;d'x s'g} klg lhNnfdf jx'dtdf 5}gg\ . If]qL gf} lhNnfdf, du/, yf?, tdfË, / u'?Ë Ps Ps lhNnfdf %) k|ltzt eGbf j9L ;+Vofdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L s'g} Ps hft÷hflt hg;Vofsf] jx'dt ePsf] lhNnfsf] ;Vof dfq !$ /x]sf] 5, jfFsL lhNnfx?df s'g} klg ;d'x jx'dtdf b]lvb}g -x]g'{xf];\ tnsf] tfnLsfdf pNn]lvt ljj/0f_ . g]kfndf krxQ/ lhNnf /x]sf] ;Gbe{nfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ If]qL ;d'x jfx]s s'g} klg ;d'x clxn]sf] lhNnfnfO{ oyfjt\ /fVbf jx'dt /xg] u/L ;Lldt ef}uf]lns If]qdf ljefhg ug{ ;+ej b]lvb}g . j9L ef}uf]lns If]q ljefhg cfly{s / k|zf;lgs b[li6sf]0fjf6 ;+ej b]lvb}g . 20 Poirier , J : Autonomy and Diverstiy in , R and chattopadhaya, R edited : "Unity in Diversity Learining from Each Other" Vol 1, Forum of Federations 2008, pp- 45 21 Ibid pp- 45 22 k"j{o'uf]:nfleofsf] Ps efu Jff]l:gofdf jx'dtdf /x]sf d';ndfg ;d'xnfO{ cNkdtdf k¥'ofpg ;j{x?n] ;g\ !((@ b]lv !((% ;Dd d';ndfgx?sf] cfdg/;+xf/ / jnft\ :yfgfGt/0f u/]sf lyP . 23 Zfdf{ lktfDj/ , g]kfnL Sofgefifsf /+Ëx?, hftLotfsf] ef}uf]lns kIf , lxdfn lstfj , sf7df08f} , @))* k[i6 – ! 24 kl5Nnf] k6ssf] hgu0fgf @)^* ;fndf ;DkGg ePsf] ePtf klg j[:t[t ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5}g To;}n] oxfF @)%* sf] hgu0fgfsf] tYoÍnfO{ g} cfwf/ agfOPsf] 5 . 25 Zfdf{ lktfDj/, g]kfnL Sofgefifsf /+Ëx?, hftLotfsf] ef}uf]lns kIf , lxdfn lstfj , sf7df08f} , @))* k[i6 – !) 34

s'n hg;+Vofdf k|ltzt lhNnfut ?kdf jx';+Vos hft÷hflt ;d"xsf] hg;+Vof ;a} eGbf 7"nf] ;d'xsf] ?kdf /x]sf] lhNnf ;+Vof -s_ %) k|ltzt eGbf dfly hg;+Vof /x]sf lhNnf -v_ -s_ / -v_ sf] hf]8 s'n k|ltzt If]qL !%=* !@ ( @! @*=)) Jffx'g !@=& !) ) !) !#=# du/ &=! ^ ! & (=# Yff? ^=& # ! $ %=# Tffdf8 %=^ ^ ! & (=# g]jf/ %=% @ ! # $=) D'f;ndfg $=# % ) % ^=& ofbj #=( % ) % ^=& /fO{ @=* ^ ) ^ *=) Uf'?ª @=$ # ! $ %=# lnDj' !=^ # ) # $=) hDdf ^*=$ ^! !$ &% !))=)) >f]t M g]kfnL SFofgef;sf /+ux?, lxdfn lstfj, sf7df08f}, @))*, k[i6 – !% of] tYofÍn] g]kfnnfO{ hftLo ef}uf]lns If]qdf ljefhg u/]/ jx'dtdf cwfl/t ;+3Lotfdf k'gM ;+/rgf ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf b]vfpFb}g . To;}sf/0f g]kfndf hftLo cfwf/sf] ;+3Lotf ;+ej b]lvb}g . jx'dt gePsf] cj:yfdf cu|flwsf/ ;lxtsf] :jfoQtf k|hftflGqs k|0ffnL leq c6fpg ;Sb}g . ;a} dflg; j/fj/ x'G5g\ / ;j} k|lt ;dfg Jojxf/ x'g' kb{5 eGg] cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/sf dfGotf;u o:tf] /fhgLlts clwsf/n] tfbfDotf /fVg ;Sb}g . cfw'lgs o'udf k|hftflGqs k|0ffnL eGbf jflx/ uP/ zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;+/rgf ug' { eg]sf] ;Eotfsf] k5fl8 kms{g' xf] . o; cj:yfdf ;+3Lotfdf /xg] k|fb]lzs txdf k|d'v hflt jf hftsf] :jfoQtfsf] nflu JolStut jf ;+f:s[lts :jfoQtf dfq ;+ej b]lvG5 . k|d'v ;d'xx?sf] :jfoQtf k|fb]lzs tx eGbf tnsf] :yfgLo ;/sf/ txdf dfq ;+ej b]lvG5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ;+Vof hlt w]/} /xG5 ptL g} w]/} ;d'xsf] nflu :jfoQtf k|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 . To;} u/L :yfgLo txdf hlt w]/} clwsf/ /xG5 ptL g} dfqfdf :jfoQtfsf] ;3gtf a9\5 . of] l:yltdf s]Gb|sf] clwsf/ k|b]zdf ;f/]/ dfq g]kfnsf] ljljwtfsf] Joj:yfkg x'g ;Sb}g . o;n] l;+xb/jf/sf] s]xL clwsf/ t k|b]zdf ;nf{ t/ g]kfnsf] ljljwtf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;xof]u ug{ ;Sb}g . Ps k6s 4G4sf] rk]6df kl/;s]sf] g]kfnsf] nflu k|fb]lzs txdf /xg] clwsf/n] hft 35

s'n<br />

hg;+Vofdf<br />

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lhNnfut ?kdf jx';+Vos hft÷hflt ;d"xsf] hg;+Vof<br />

;a} eGbf 7"nf]<br />

;d'xsf] ?kdf /x]sf]<br />

lhNnf ;+Vof -s_<br />

%) k|ltzt eGbf dfly<br />

hg;+Vof /x]sf<br />

lhNnf -v_<br />

-s_ / -v_<br />

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s'n<br />

k|ltzt<br />

If]qL !%=* !@ ( @! @*=))<br />

Jffx'g !@=& !) ) !) !#=#<br />

du/ &=! ^ ! & (=#<br />

Yff? ^=& # ! $ %=#<br />

Tffdf8 %=^ ^ ! & (=#<br />

g]jf/ %=% @ ! # $=)<br />

D'f;ndfg $=# % ) % ^=&<br />

ofbj #=( % ) % ^=&<br />

/fO{ @=* ^ ) ^ *=)<br />

Uf'?ª @=$ # ! $ %=#<br />

lnDj' !=^ # ) # $=)<br />

hDdf ^*=$ ^! !$ &% !))=))<br />

>f]t M g]kfnL SFofgef;sf /+ux?, lxdfn lstfj, sf7df08f}, @))*, k[i6 – !%<br />

of] tYofÍn] g]kfnnfO{ hftLo ef}uf]lns If]qdf ljefhg u/]/ jx'dtdf cwfl/t ;+3Lotfdf k'gM<br />

;+/rgf ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf b]vfpFb}g . To;}sf/0f g]kfndf hftLo cfwf/sf] ;+3Lotf ;+ej b]lvb}g .<br />

jx'dt gePsf] cj:yfdf cu|flwsf/ ;lxtsf] :jfoQtf k|hftflGqs k|0ffnL leq c6fpg ;Sb}g .<br />

;a} dflg; j/fj/ x'G5g\ / ;j} k|lt ;dfg Jojxf/ x'g' kb{5 eGg] cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/sf<br />

dfGotf;u o:tf] /fhgLlts clwsf/n] tfbfDotf /fVg ;Sb}g . cfw'lgs o'udf k|hftflGqs k|0ffnL<br />

eGbf jflx/ uP/ zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;+/rgf ug' { eg]sf] ;Eotfsf] k5fl8 kms{g' xf] . o; cj:yfdf<br />

;+3Lotfdf /xg] k|fb]lzs txdf k|d'v hflt jf hftsf] :jfoQtfsf] nflu JolStut jf ;+f:s[lts<br />

:jfoQtf dfq ;+ej b]lvG5 . k|d'v ;d'xx?sf] :jfoQtf k|fb]lzs tx eGbf tnsf] :yfgLo ;/sf/<br />

txdf dfq ;+ej b]lvG5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ;+Vof hlt w]/} /xG5 ptL g} w]/} ;d'xsf] nflu<br />

:jfoQtf k|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 . To;} u/L :yfgLo txdf hlt w]/} clwsf/ /xG5 ptL g} dfqfdf<br />

:jfoQtfsf] ;3gtf a9\5 .<br />

of] l:yltdf s]Gb|sf] clwsf/ k|b]zdf ;f/]/ dfq g]kfnsf] ljljwtfsf] Joj:yfkg x'g ;Sb}g . o;n]<br />

l;+xb/jf/sf] s]xL clwsf/ t k|b]zdf ;nf{ t/ g]kfnsf] ljljwtf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;xof]u ug{<br />

;Sb}g . Ps k6s 4G4sf] rk]6df kl/;s]sf] g]kfnsf] nflu k|fb]lzs txdf /xg] clwsf/n] hft<br />

35

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