book setup 2069 nijamati.indd

• In the same vain citizens should not merely claim rights and freedoms,
but also fulfill their many obligations by respecting the country’s
laws, recognizing the rights and freedom of others, eliminating
discrimination, and observing justice in their daily activities. All this
can happen only when society undergoes a decisive change towards
inclusive and equitable human development that increases the range of
choice for everyone.
• The fact that unequal human development is both a cause and result of
exclusion points to the need for a two-fold strategy:
ü Ensuring the equitable representation of all groups in
state structures; and
ü Enabling citizens to participate effectively in decisions
concerning their development.
• The democratic principles can function only if society undergoes
significant social and economic transformation. Considering this fact,
the state has to invest disproportionately more both in the health and
education and in income-generating activities of the poor in order to
close the gap between those who are excluded and those who are not.
• The nature of the electoral system of a country determines to a
large extent how inclusively its population is represented in the
political system and how meaningful this participation is for human
development.
• Efforts need to be deepened and extended for capacity building of local
bodies.
• A federal system based on national consensus is expected by many to
ensure both inclusion and empowerment at all levels of the new polity.
But making federalism practicable will require enormous study by all
those involved in political activity, especially the members of the CA.
However, the government’s decision to restructure the nation into a
federal system has opened up again the issues related to the division
of the country into state or regions; decisions about the structure of
local government systems; fiscal decentralization; and the delineation
of responsibilities among the different tiers of government.
• Although reduction in IMR and U5MR at the national level is encouraging,
there are significant regional and rural-urban disparities. Therefore, it
is necessary to identify which populations are most affected and map out
where they reside. After identification of these populations, targeted health
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