book setup 2069 nijamati.indd

o;/L laZj kl/a]zdf x]bf{ /fHosf] unt gLltsf sf/0f lk5l8Psf, ;fdflhs alGrtLs/0fdf
k/]sf AolSt ;d'bfosf] /fHo ;+oGqdf kxF'r / k|ltlglwTjsf nflu ;s/fTds lae]b, cf/If0fsf]
gLlt lnPsf] oy]i6 cEof; /x]sf] 5 . lautsf] /fHosf] unt gLltsf sf/0fn] pTkL8gdf k/]sf
;d'bfosf] pTyfgsf] nflu laleGg d'n'sx?n] laleGg If]qdf ;s/fTds lae]b, cf/If0fsf] gLlt
canDag u/]sf] kfO{G5 . cd]l/sfdf cNk;+Vosx?sf] nflu laBfnosf] lzIff / ;]jftkm{ s/f/
sfdsf nflu cf/If0f k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . >Ln+sfdf z}lIfs If]qdf dfq cf/If0f k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
ga]{df klAns sDkgLx?df $)Ü :yfg dlxnfx?sf] nflu cf/If0f k|bfg ul/Ps]f 5 . g]kfnsf]
;Gb{edf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] nflu ef/tsf] cEof;sf] ;s/fTds / gs/fTds kIfsf] cWoogsf]
cfwf/df cl3 a9\g' al9 ;fGble{s x'G5 .
of] cawf/0ff cGt{ut /fHosf] gLlt lgdf{0f nufot ;a} dxTjk'0f{ lhDd]jf/L Pj+ /f]huf/Lsf]
ca;/x?df al~rltdf kfl/Psf ;d'bfonfO{ cy{k'0f{ ?kdf ;xeflutfsf] ca;/ k|bfg ug{ hftLo,
cfly{s tyf n}lËs Pj+ ef}uf]lns cfwf/df canDag ul/g] laz]if ;+/If0fsf] lawL ;dfj]zLs/0f xf] .
#=cGt/fli6|o ;GwL ;Demf}tf / sfg'gL Aoa:yf
lk5l8Psf] au{ ;d'bfo / hfltsf] /fHodf ;dfg xs clwsf/ / :jfldTjsf k|flKtsf ;DaGwdf
cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gL b:tfj]hx¿ / ltgLx¿df ePsf Joj:yfx¿ lgDg adf]lhd 5g\ M
j]i6kmflnof ;GwL (Treaty of Westphalia, 1648)
o; ;lGwaf6 g} cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ sfg'gsf] ljsf;sf] z'ef/De ePsf] dflgG5 . o; ;lGwn]
cNk;+Vos JolQmx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f ug] { b[li6sf]0fn] wd{sf] cfwf/df ;dfgtfsf] Jojxf/sf] lglZrttf
k|bfg u¥of] .
gful/s clwsf/kq, !^*( (The Bill of Rights 1689)
;g\ !^** df a]nfotdf lg/+s'z zf;g lj?4 ePsf] /Qmkft ljxLg uf}/jk"0f{ qmflGt (GoLrious
Revolution) sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k gful/s :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ cfwf/lznfsf] ¿kdf ;+;båf/f
;g\ !^*( df of] clwsf/kq hf/L ul/of] . o; clwsf/kqn] j}olQmt :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0f h:tf
cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/nfO{ ;dflxt ug{ ;kmn eof] .
;lxi0f'tf P]g, !^*( (The Toleration Act, 1689)
a]nfotdf wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] xsnfO{ k|Tofe"t ug{ o; P]gn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u¥of] .
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