book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
book setup 2069 nijamati.indd book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
klg ;+u7gsf] ;+rfngsf nflu lg0fo{sf] k|lqmofdf ;xof]u ul//x]sf x'G5g\ / k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf ;xefuL eO{ g} /x]sf x'G5g\ . o; cy{df lg0f{osf] k|lqmofnfO{ co-operative activity sf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . cy{ Problem + Alternatives + Analysis + Choice = Decision Making Process lg0f{o k|lqmof ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gsf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . ;+u7gdf of]hgf th' {df ug{ ], g]t[Tj k|bfg ug{], lgoGq0f ug{], ljleGg sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg ug{], ;'kl/j]If0f ug{] h:tf sfo{sf cltl/Qm ;+u7g cGtu{tsf lgsfo / cGo ljleGg ;+u7gx?sf jLrdf ;dGjo tyf ;DjGw ;'b[9 ug{], ah]6 Joj:yfkg, k|ltj]bgh:tf ljljw kIfdf lg0f{osf] dxTjk"0f{ :yfg /x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] Joj:yfkgsf] ultlzntf :j:y / k|efjsf/L lg0f{odf e/ kb{5 . lg0f{o lng] k|lqmof Pp6f s7Lg k|fljlws sfo{ xf] . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg of] Joj:yfkgsf] ;fwg (means) dfq xf], ;fWo (ends) xf]O{g . lg0f{o lng] k|lqmofnfO{ 5gf}6 k|lqmofsf] kof{osf] ?kdf lnO{G5 . o;}n] lg0f{o (decision) ;Fu 5gf}6 (selection) / 5gf}6sf] ljsNk (alternatives) ;Fu l;wf ;DjGw /x]sf] x'G5 . ljsNk/lxt ljifox?df lg0f{osf] k|lqmof x'Fb}g . lg0f{o k|lqmofsf] nflu Pp6f ;f]rsf] l;h{gf x'g'kb{5 / ;f] ;f]rnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{'kg{ ] x'G5 . o;y{ klg s'g} ljz]if ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu cyjf ljBdfg l:yltaf6 ck]lIft p2]Zo xfl;n ug{sf lglDt k|of;/t /xg] l;nl;nfsf] lg/Gt/tf xf] lg0f{o k|lqmof . Existing State What it is now. Desired State What it would be. Process Choosing the best alternative cy{zf:qLo b[li6sf]0faf6 klg o;nfO{ yk k|i6 kfg{ ;lsG5 . dflg;sf cfjZostfx? c;Lldt x'G5g\ . tL cfjZostfx? k"/f ug{sf] nflu ;fwgx? l;ldt x'G5g\ . ;Lldt ;|f]t / ;fwgx?sf] pkof]uaf6 cl;ldt cfjZostfx?sf] k"lt{ u/]/ Maximum satisfaction k|fKt ug{sf nflu pknJw ljsNox?dWo] ljj]szLn ljsNk 5gf}6sf] cfjZostf x'G5 . Joj:yfkgsf s'g} klg sfo{x? ljsNk/lxt x' Fb}gg\ . tL ljleGg ljsNkx?dWo]af6 Pp6f s'zn k|zf;sn] pknJw ;|f]t, ;fwg, 184
;do / kl/l:ylt ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ /flv lg0f{osf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 . o:tf] lg0f{o k|lqmofnfO{ dfq k|efjsf/L dfGg ;lsG5 . w]/} ljsNkx?dWo]af6 Pp6f ljsNksf] 5gf}6 ug{kg{ ] x'gfn] lg0f{o JolQmlkR5] km/s km/s klg x'g ;Sb5 . To;}n] k|To]s lg0f{o ;j}sf nflu :jLsfo{ x'G5 eGg ;lsb} +g . lg0f{o ubf{ ;+u7gfTds lgod, sfg'g, / jftfj/0f ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg'kb{5 . clxn] h'g;'s} dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf lg0f{o ub{f klg To;sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] nflu ;f] ;Fu ;DjlGwt kIfx?;Fusf] ;xeflutf clgjfo{ x'g'kb{5 eGg] dfGotfsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . eljiodf b"/ufdL k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] ljifox?df Golden Grid sf cfwf/df cfjZos k/]df yk 5nkmn ug{], /fo tyf k/fdz{sf nflu Committee u7g ug{] tyf ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ljifodf lg0f{o lng'kg{ ] ePdf ;a}sf] wf/0ff a'em\g k|rf/ k|;f/ klg ug{ 'kb{5 . kl/efiff lg0f{onfO{ ljrf/ / k|lqmofsf] ;]t'sf] ?kdf lnO{Psf] 5 . b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L ljsNkx?dWo]af6 ;s];Dd o'lQm;+ut ljsNksf] klxrfg ug{' g} lg0f{o xf] t/ lg0f{o x'Fb}df lg0f{osf] k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] dflg+b}g . s'g} klg ljifodf lg0f{o lnP/ To;sf] sfof{Gjog ePkl5 To;sf] k|efj nufot eljiosf nflu k|fKt x'g] dfu{bz{g ;d]tsf s'/fx? lg0f{osf] k|lqmof cGtu{t g} kb{5g\ . o; ;DjGwdf s]xL lj4fgx?sf ljrf/x? o;k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ . "The art of determining in one's mind upon an opinion or course of action" s'g} ljrf/ jf sfo{;DjGwL cfkm} +n] u/]sf] c7f]6 xf] . -Webster Dictionary "Decision is a judgement, it is a choice between alternatives. It is rarely a choice between right and wrong" b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L ljsNkx?dWo]af6 pko'Qm ljsNksf] 5gf}6 ug{' g} lg0f{o lbg' xf] . -Peter Drucker "Decision process is a course of action consciously chosen from the available relevant alternatives for the purpose of achieving the desired objectives" jfl~5t nIo k|flKtsf nflu ljBdfg ;fGble{s ljsNkx?dWo] 5gf}6 ul/Psf] pko'Qm cfwf/nfO{ g} lg0f{o elgG5 . -Joseph L. Massie pk/f]Qm kl/efiffx?sf cfwf/df pknJw ;DefJo ljsNkx?dWo]af6 pko'Qm ljsNksf] 5gf}6 u/L k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfo{fGjog ug{] / ;dfg k|s[ltsf efjL lg0f{osf] k|lqmofdf dfu{bz{g k|bfg ug{] ;d]tsf lqmofsnfkx? lg0f{o lng] k|lqmof cGtu{t kb{5g\ . Decision making process that begins with judgement and ends with judgement. In every process, it bridges between thoughts 185
- Page 141 and 142: — ;Ifd / 5l/tf] ;/sf/ (Capable &
- Page 143 and 144: $=^=!) ;/sf/ / ;]jf k|bfossf] sfd s
- Page 145 and 146: • cfjZostfsf] cleJolQm;d]t ;]jfu|
- Page 147 and 148: • ;+/rgfTds kl/jt{gM k|efjsf/L ;]
- Page 149 and 150: • rog jf ljsNksf] lj:tf/ M ;/sf/L
- Page 151 and 152: • dfgjLo ;|f]t ljsf;M;/sf/L ;]jf
- Page 153 and 154: v u'0f:t/Lotf (Quality of Service)
- Page 155 and 156: g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf;df j}b] lzs ;x
- Page 157 and 158: cd]l/sL /fi6«klt lhDdL sf6{/sf] df
- Page 159 and 160: sd ljsl;t d'n'sx?sf nflu tyf e'k]/L
- Page 161 and 162: ;Dd klg g]kfnsf] of]hgfsf] ljlgof]l
- Page 163 and 164: p2]Zox? 11 • j}b]lzs ;xfotfdf ;+r
- Page 165 and 166: cf}Bf]lus gLlt, @)^& j}b]lzs nufgL
- Page 167 and 168: k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zon] 16 ljb]zL nufgL
- Page 169 and 170: u/]sf, /fi6«sf] ;+:yfut / u|x0f ug
- Page 171 and 172: lgisif{ • j}b]lzs ;xfotf u|x0fug]
- Page 173 and 174: ul/jL Go"gLs/0fM ;d:of tyf ;dfwfgsf
- Page 175 and 176: #=@ ;xeflutfTds pkfud o; pkfudn] ul
- Page 177 and 178: • aflif{s cfly{s a[l4 b/ @=% k|lt
- Page 179 and 180: ^=@ gLltut Joj:yfx? • /f]huf/Ldf
- Page 181 and 182: • dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsfx?sf nflu lj
- Page 183 and 184: • :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno cGtu{t ul/j
- Page 185 and 186: • sltko sfo{qmdx?sf] ;Gbe{df j}b]
- Page 187 and 188: • :yfgLo :t/sf ;/sf/ Pj+ lgsfox?s
- Page 189 and 190: ug]{, ;xsf/L jhf/sf] ljsf; ug] { nu
- Page 191: lg0f{o ug{] k|lqmof M l;4fGt / Jojx
- Page 195 and 196: • nIod'vL sfo{ • ljsNkx?sf] ;d"
- Page 197 and 198: lg0f{o k|lqmofsf r/0fx? ;+u7gsf] ;k
- Page 199 and 200: lg0f{o k|lqmofdf k|efj kfg{ ] tTjx?
- Page 201 and 202: ‣ gjLg k|zf;lso cjwf/0ffx? cjnDjg
- Page 203 and 204: lg0f{o k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg]
- Page 205 and 206: • Never ending memo -tNnf] txaf6
- Page 207 and 208: lgisif{ 'Administrative decision ma
- Page 209 and 210: ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gdf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] ;d
- Page 211 and 212: lIf0f clk|msfdf uf]/f hfltsf dflg;x
- Page 213 and 214: cd]l/sL :jtGqtfsf] 3f]if0ff, !&&^ (
- Page 215 and 216: • dfgj dfqnfO{ hft, j0f{ jf hftLo
- Page 217 and 218: ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gdf kx' Frsf nfuL @))
- Page 219 and 220: ;+lawfgn] g} /fHo ;+/rgfnfO{ ;dfj]z
- Page 221 and 222: #= g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -P=df=Nf]_
- Page 223 and 224: ^= ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] kIf-lakIfdf p7]sf
- Page 225 and 226: • ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gdf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf
- Page 227 and 228: • blnt ;d'bfosf JolStx?nfO{ sfof{
- Page 229 and 230: • ;/sf/L / cGo ;a} kIfx?sf] ;xefl
- Page 231 and 232: 1. Concept of Public Service Delive
- Page 233 and 234: Service innovation denotes quite a
- Page 235 and 236: 3.4 Narrowing gulf between rich and
- Page 237 and 238: Application of CRCs produced effici
- Page 239 and 240: Act, (LSGA), 2055 (1999)' LSGA is a
- Page 241 and 242: was formally introduced into the ac
;do / kl/l:ylt ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ /flv lg0f{osf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 . o:tf] lg0f{o<br />
k|lqmofnfO{ dfq k|efjsf/L dfGg ;lsG5 .<br />
w]/} ljsNkx?dWo]af6 Pp6f ljsNksf] 5gf}6 ug{kg{ ] x'gfn] lg0f{o JolQmlkR5] km/s km/s klg x'g<br />
;Sb5 . To;}n] k|To]s lg0f{o ;j}sf nflu :jLsfo{ x'G5 eGg ;lsb} +g . lg0f{o ubf{ ;+u7gfTds<br />
lgod, sfg'g, / jftfj/0f ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg'kb{5 . clxn] h'g;'s} dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf lg0f{o<br />
ub{f klg To;sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] nflu ;f] ;Fu ;DjlGwt kIfx?;Fusf] ;xeflutf clgjfo{ x'g'kb{5<br />
eGg] dfGotfsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . eljiodf b"/ufdL k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] ljifox?df Golden Grid sf<br />
cfwf/df cfjZos k/]df yk 5nkmn ug{], /fo tyf k/fdz{sf nflu Committee u7g ug{] tyf<br />
;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ljifodf lg0f{o lng'kg{ ] ePdf ;a}sf] wf/0ff a'em\g k|rf/ k|;f/ klg ug{ 'kb{5 .<br />
kl/efiff<br />
lg0f{onfO{ ljrf/ / k|lqmofsf] ;]t'sf] ?kdf lnO{Psf] 5 . b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L ljsNkx?dWo]af6<br />
;s];Dd o'lQm;+ut ljsNksf] klxrfg ug{' g} lg0f{o xf] t/ lg0f{o x'Fb}df lg0f{osf] k|lqmof k"/f ePsf]<br />
dflg+b}g . s'g} klg ljifodf lg0f{o lnP/ To;sf] sfof{Gjog ePkl5 To;sf] k|efj nufot eljiosf<br />
nflu k|fKt x'g] dfu{bz{g ;d]tsf s'/fx? lg0f{osf] k|lqmof cGtu{t g} kb{5g\ . o; ;DjGwdf s]xL<br />
lj4fgx?sf ljrf/x? o;k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ .<br />
"The art of determining in one's mind upon an opinion or course of action" s'g} ljrf/ jf<br />
sfo{;DjGwL cfkm} +n] u/]sf] c7f]6 xf] .<br />
-Webster Dictionary<br />
"Decision is a judgement, it is a choice between alternatives. It is rarely a choice between right<br />
and wrong" b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L ljsNkx?dWo]af6 pko'Qm ljsNksf] 5gf}6 ug{' g} lg0f{o lbg' xf] .<br />
-Peter Drucker<br />
"Decision process is a course of action consciously chosen from the available relevant<br />
alternatives for the purpose of achieving the desired objectives" jfl~5t nIo k|flKtsf nflu<br />
ljBdfg ;fGble{s ljsNkx?dWo] 5gf}6 ul/Psf] pko'Qm cfwf/nfO{ g} lg0f{o elgG5 .<br />
-Joseph L. Massie<br />
pk/f]Qm kl/efiffx?sf cfwf/df pknJw ;DefJo ljsNkx?dWo]af6 pko'Qm ljsNksf] 5gf}6<br />
u/L k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfo{fGjog ug{] / ;dfg k|s[ltsf efjL lg0f{osf] k|lqmofdf dfu{bz{g k|bfg<br />
ug{] ;d]tsf lqmofsnfkx? lg0f{o lng] k|lqmof cGtu{t kb{5g\ . Decision making process that<br />
begins with judgement and ends with judgement. In every process, it bridges between thoughts<br />
185
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