book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
book setup 2069 nijamati.indd book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
ctM pk/f]St ;a} lsl;dsf åGbl;t kl/lrt eO{ ;se/ ;+s6 g} >[hgf x'g glbg] / olb e}xfn]df ltgsf] k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;dfwfg ul/g' kb{5 . ;+s6 clgjfo{ 5, o;sf] cfsf/ 7"nf] ;fgf] h:tf] klg x'g;Sb5 . t;y{ s'zn Joj:yfksn] o;sf] Go"lgs/0fsf nflu x/ ;+ej pkfo /Rg' h?/L 5 . ^= cfrf/gLlt ;DaGwL ;jfnx? sfof{nodf dfgj>f]t Joj:yfkgsf ;DaGwdf y'k|} cfrf/gLlt ;jfnx? >[hgf x'g k'Ub5g\ . of] ljifo cfkm}df olt j[xt 5 ls ;a} cfrf/gLltsf] pQ/ vf]Hg sl7g klg 5 . Ps JolStn] 7Ls 7x/fPsf] ljifo csf] {n] unt 7x/fpg ;Sb5 . oxfF cfbz{ kIfnfO{ eGbf klg sd{rf/L k|zf;gl;t cfa4 ljifonfO{ s]Gb|df /fvL cfrf/gLltsf ;jfnx? k|:t't ul/Psf5g\ . sd{rf/L k|zf;g leq >[hgf x'g] cfrf/gLltsf ljljw ;jfnx? b]xfosf] lrq dfkm{t af]w ug{ ;lsG5 M gub Pj+ cGo k|nf]eg sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg hflt tyf ckfËtf cfrf/gLlt ;jfnx? /f]huf/L ;jfnx? lghL cf:yfsf ;jfnx? :jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iff k"g/lgdf{0f tyf avf{:tL s= gub tyf cGo k|f]T;fxg o; cGt/ut tna eQf, jf]g; / cGo cfly{s ultljlw kb{5g\ . ;j{k|yd Joj:yfksn] ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lsf] tna eQfsf] dfkb08 tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . sd{rf/Lx?sf] :t/ / sfdsf] k|s[lt x]/L 8
o;jf/] lg0f{o lnOG5 . clws[t / ;xfos sd{rf/Lsf] tna :s]n s;/L lgwf{/0f ug]{, hf]lvd sfd ug] { / ;fwf/0f sfd ug]{sf] tna :s]ndf s] slt cGt/ ug]{, dflyNnf] :t/df sfd ug]{ kbflwsf/L / tNnf] :t/df sfdug]{ ;xof]uLsf] tna eQfsf] cGt/ slt sfod ug]{ cflb ljifo dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . sd{rf/L o'lgogsf] ;d]t ;xdlt lnP/ o:tf] ljifodf lg0f{o lnbf Joj:yfksnfO{ sfo{ ug{ hlt ;/n x'G5 ;f] gx'Fbf Toltg} ;d:of klg >[hgf x'g ;Sb5 . o;}u/L tnasf] jflif{s j[l4 s'g k|ltztdf ug]{, tnasf] a[l4 ;Fu} u| ]8df s:tf] kl/jt{g Nofpg], jflif{s ?kdf tna j[l4 ubf{ To;sf] cGo ;+u7g / ahf/ efpdf s:tf] c;/ kb{5 cflb ljifodf ;d]t Wofg k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . cGo sd{rf/Lsf] t'ngfdf k|d'v sfo{sf/Lsf] tna slt km/s ug] { ljifo klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . jt{dfg ;dodf ;fnj;fnL sfd ug]{ sd{rf/L / k|d'v sfo{sf/L (CEO) sf] tnadf lgs} leGgtf kfOG5 . k|d'v sfo{sf/Ln] ;+u7gnfO{ ult lbg' kg]{, lg0f{o lng] sfo{df k|ToIf ;+nUg /xg'kg]{ / ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/LnfO{ lgb]{z ug'{kg]{ cflb j[xt lhDd]jf/Lsf sf/0f cGo sd{rf/Lsf] t'ngfdf lghnfO{ lbOg] cfly{s ;'ljwf klg km/s g} x'G5 . oL ;a ;jfndf Joj:yfkgn] 7f]; lg0f{o lng' kg]{ x'G5 . v= sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ;+u7gdf sfo{sf] k|s[lt ljleGg x'G5 . s'g} sfo{ ;xh} dfkg ug{ ;lsG5g\ h:tf] ls tf]lsPsf] lzIfsn] olt 306f k|fWofkg u¥of], jf tf]lsPsf] 8S6/n] olt ;+Vofdf zNos[of u¥of], eg] s'g} sfo{ dfkg ug{ g;lsg] x'G5 . sfo{;Dkfbg slt txjf6 u/fpg], ;a} ;'k/Lj]Ifs jf d"NofÍg stf{jf6 sd{rf/Lsf] lgikIf d"NofÍg ePsf] 5 5}g cflb ljifosf ;fy} sfdsf] k|s[lt x]/]/ klg d"NofÍ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . sd{rf/Lsf] d"NofÍgaf6 lghsf] j[lQ ljsf;df k|efj kfg] { ePsfn] of] sfo{ j:t'lgi6 s;/L t'Nofpg], j}1flgs / Jojxfl/s s;/L agfpg], d"NofÍg k4lt s] cjnDag ug]{ cflb ljifo ;j{dfGo t'Nofpg Joj:yfkgn] Wofg k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . u= hflt, lnË, pd]/ tyf ckfËtf cfrf/gLlt ;DaGwL sfof{nodf jf/jf/ p7\g] ;jfn j|mdzM, s= hflt v= lnË u= pd]/ / 3= ckfËtf klg x'g\ . ;+u7gdf ;a} hfthfltnfO{ egf{ sfo{df ;dfg gLlt cjnDag ul/Psf] x' Fb}g . cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 eg] leGg hfltsf nflu s:tf] k|ltzt to ul/Psf] 5 . egf{ sfo{df 9
- Page 2 and 3: ;Dkfbs d08n /fh]Gb| k|;fb zfx dfggL
- Page 5: ;DkfbsLo lghfdtL ;]jf klqsf k|zf;g
- Page 9 and 10: k|zf;gdf cfrf/gLlt k|f=8f= eLdb]j e
- Page 11 and 12: #= l;4fGtM cfrf/gLltsf] :jefj o;sf
- Page 13 and 14: cg'z/0f u/]s} wd{ lgb] {zsf] kfngf
- Page 15: • sDkgLn] tf]lsPsf] pTkfbgdf kl/j
- Page 19 and 20: s]lx jif{ cl3 ef/tsf] e"kfn Uof; sD
- Page 21 and 22: kfngf / lgoldttf jf/] ;r]t u/fOPsf]
- Page 23 and 24: ;Gbe{ ;"rL != C.B. Mamoria, (1985)
- Page 25 and 26: ;j]{If0fsf nflu cfly{s?kn] ;lqmo Jo
- Page 27 and 28: @= g]kfndf /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf >d zlQ
- Page 29 and 30: !)= k|f/lDes vfnsf Aoj;fox? 10.5 12
- Page 31 and 32: gjzf:qLo d"No pTk|]/0ff 9frfn] k"hL
- Page 33 and 34: x'g] lgdf{0f tyf >dd"ns sfo{df jif{
- Page 35 and 36: ljljwtfsf] Joj:yfkg M g]kfn ;Gbe{ z
- Page 37 and 38: dflg;x?df ;lxi0f'tf, nrstf / Ps cfk
- Page 39 and 40: d]6fpbf c;Gt'i6 ;d'xsf] hGd x'g] eP
- Page 41 and 42: k|hftflGqs Joj:yf cufn]sf] d'n'sdf
- Page 43 and 44: s'n hg;+Vofdf k|ltzt lhNnfut ?kdf j
- Page 45 and 46: ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx? != g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
- Page 47 and 48: != pTk|]/0ff sd{rf/LnfO{ cfˆgf] sf
- Page 49 and 50: • >d÷sfo{sf] :t/ / k'/:sf/aLr tf
- Page 51 and 52: • g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/afxLnfO{
- Page 53 and 54: k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] . o:tf] s
- Page 55 and 56: • cfk"m axfn /x]sf] ljefu jf ;f]
- Page 57 and 58: @=!=^ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg] s'
- Page 59 and 60: • ;]jf k|jfxsf] k|fyldstf, • If
- Page 61 and 62: ^= ;]jf ;'ljwf k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:y
- Page 63 and 64: hnjfo' kl/jt{g Joj:yfkgsf ;Gbe{df h
- Page 65 and 66: lqmofsnfk k[YjLsf] rf]vf]kg ljufg{d
o;jf/] lg0f{o lnOG5 . clws[t / ;xfos sd{rf/Lsf] tna :s]n s;/L lgwf{/0f ug]{, hf]lvd<br />
sfd ug] { / ;fwf/0f sfd ug]{sf] tna :s]ndf s] slt cGt/ ug]{, dflyNnf] :t/df sfd ug]{<br />
kbflwsf/L / tNnf] :t/df sfdug]{ ;xof]uLsf] tna eQfsf] cGt/ slt sfod ug]{ cflb<br />
ljifo dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . sd{rf/L o'lgogsf] ;d]t ;xdlt lnP/ o:tf] ljifodf lg0f{o lnbf<br />
Joj:yfksnfO{ sfo{ ug{ hlt ;/n x'G5 ;f] gx'Fbf Toltg} ;d:of klg >[hgf x'g ;Sb5 .<br />
o;}u/L tnasf] jflif{s j[l4 s'g k|ltztdf ug]{, tnasf] a[l4 ;Fu} u| ]8df s:tf] kl/jt{g<br />
Nofpg], jflif{s ?kdf tna j[l4 ubf{ To;sf] cGo ;+u7g / ahf/ efpdf s:tf] c;/ kb{5<br />
cflb ljifodf ;d]t Wofg k'¥ofpg' kb{5 .<br />
cGo sd{rf/Lsf] t'ngfdf k|d'v sfo{sf/Lsf] tna slt km/s ug] { ljifo klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{<br />
x'G5 . jt{dfg ;dodf ;fnj;fnL sfd ug]{ sd{rf/L / k|d'v sfo{sf/L (CEO) sf] tnadf lgs}<br />
leGgtf kfOG5 . k|d'v sfo{sf/Ln] ;+u7gnfO{ ult lbg' kg]{, lg0f{o lng] sfo{df k|ToIf ;+nUg<br />
/xg'kg]{ / ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/LnfO{ lgb]{z ug'{kg]{ cflb j[xt lhDd]jf/Lsf sf/0f cGo sd{rf/Lsf]<br />
t'ngfdf lghnfO{ lbOg] cfly{s ;'ljwf klg km/s g} x'G5 . oL ;a ;jfndf Joj:yfkgn] 7f];<br />
lg0f{o lng' kg]{ x'G5 .<br />
v= sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg<br />
;+u7gdf sfo{sf] k|s[lt ljleGg x'G5 . s'g} sfo{ ;xh} dfkg ug{ ;lsG5g\ h:tf] ls tf]lsPsf]<br />
lzIfsn] olt 306f k|fWofkg u¥of], jf tf]lsPsf] 8S6/n] olt ;+Vofdf zNos[of u¥of], eg] s'g}<br />
sfo{ dfkg ug{ g;lsg] x'G5 . sfo{;Dkfbg slt txjf6 u/fpg], ;a} ;'k/Lj]Ifs jf d"NofÍg<br />
stf{jf6 sd{rf/Lsf] lgikIf d"NofÍg ePsf] 5 5}g cflb ljifosf ;fy} sfdsf] k|s[lt x]/]/ klg<br />
d"NofÍ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .<br />
sd{rf/Lsf] d"NofÍgaf6 lghsf] j[lQ ljsf;df k|efj kfg] { ePsfn] of] sfo{ j:t'lgi6 s;/L<br />
t'Nofpg], j}1flgs / Jojxfl/s s;/L agfpg], d"NofÍg k4lt s] cjnDag ug]{ cflb ljifo<br />
;j{dfGo t'Nofpg Joj:yfkgn] Wofg k'¥ofpg' kb{5 .<br />
u= hflt, lnË, pd]/ tyf ckfËtf<br />
cfrf/gLlt ;DaGwL sfof{nodf jf/jf/ p7\g] ;jfn j|mdzM, s= hflt v= lnË u= pd]/ / 3=<br />
ckfËtf klg x'g\ .<br />
;+u7gdf ;a} hfthfltnfO{ egf{ sfo{df ;dfg gLlt cjnDag ul/Psf] x' Fb}g . cf/If0fsf]<br />
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 eg] leGg hfltsf nflu s:tf] k|ltzt to ul/Psf] 5 . egf{ sfo{df<br />
9