book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
book setup 2069 nijamati.indd book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
#=@ ;+:yfut Joj:yf ljutdf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|jfx ug] { sfo{df ;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] k|d'v ;+nUgtf /xGYof] . ;+ljwfg tyf sfg'gåf/f k|Tofe"t ul/Padf]lhdsf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|bfg ug{df ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] Joj:yf ;d]t ePsf] kfOG5 . aL;f}+ ztfAbLsf] pQ/f4{af6 ljsf; ePsf] gofF ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkg (New Public Management) sf] cjwf/0ff, cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f (Liberlization), lghLs/0f (Privatization) / ljZjJofkLs/0f (Globalization) sf] kmn:j?k ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] k|jfxdf ;xeflutfTds Pj+ ;fem]bf/Lsf] b[li6sf]0fnfO{ dxTj lbg yflnof] . ljutdf ;/sf/sf] lgodgsf/L e"ldsfdf kl/jt{g u/L ;/sf/n] ;xhstf{ (Facilitator) Pj+ k|j4{s (Promotor) sf] e"ldsftkm{ cu|;/ /xg'kg]{ eGg] dfGotfnfO{ cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|jfx ug{df u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx? tyf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf qmlds j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . ljBdfg l:yltdf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|bfg ug]{ lgsfox?nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 M– #=@=! ;/sf/L lgsfox? ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|bfg ug{sf nflu ;/sf/sf ljleGg dGqfno÷ljefu÷sfof{no÷OsfO tyf ;]jf s]Gb|x? sfo{/t /lxcfPsf 5g\ . s'g lgsfoåf/f s] s:tf ;]jfx? k|bfg ug]{ eGg] ;Gbe{df ;Da4 lgsfonfO{ sfg'gL tyf k|zf;sLo tj/n] lglb{i6 ul/Padf]lhd x'g]5 . #=@=@ :yfgLo lgsfox? hgtfnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] k|jfxdf kl/k"/0fsf] l;4fGt (Principle of Subsidiarity) nfu" ul/g' k|efjsf/L x'g]5 . o; l;4fGtcg';f/ ;]jfu|fxLsf] ;a}eGbf glhsdf /xg] :yfgLo lgsfox?n] s'zntf, k|efjsfl/tf / ldtJolotfsf ;fy ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|jfx ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . o; sf/0f sltko ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|jfx ug{df :yfgLo lgsfox? lqmofzLn /xb} cfPsf 5g\ . #=@=# ;fj{hlgs If]qsf :jfoQ lgsfox? ;/sf/sf] nufgL tyf bfloTjdf :yflkt ul/Psf ;+:yfg, k|flws/0f, ;ldlt, k|lti7fg cflbn] tL lgsfox?nfO{ tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] sfo{If]qleq kg]{ ;]jfx? k|jfx ug]{ ub{5g\ . s] s:tf ;]jfx? k|jfx ug]{ eGg] ;Gbe{df ;Da4 ;+:yfsf] u7g cfb]zadf]lhd x'g]5 . #=@=$ u}/;/sf/L lgsfox? d'n'sleq btf{ ePsf ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt{/fli6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] klg ljleGg ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|jfx ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . s] s:tf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|jfx ug]{ eGg] ;Gbe{df ;Da4 u}/;/sf/L lgsfosf] p2]Zo tyf sfo{If]qn] lglZrt u/]sf] x'G5 . 130
#=@=% lghL If]qsf lgsfox? ;g\ !(*) sf] bzsaf6 sltko ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] k|jfx ug]{ sfo{df lghL If]q pT;fxa4{s 9Ëaf6 cl3 a9]sf] 5 . ljz]if u/]/ lzIff, :jf:Yo, 6]lnkmf]g tyf ;+rf/sf] cGo If]q, ljB't\ cfk"lt{ h:tf dxTjk"0f{ ;]jfx? k|bfg ug]{ sfo{df lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf pNn]Vo j[l4 eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;nfO{ lglZrt ?kdf pT;fxa4{s dfGg'kb{5 . t/ sltko ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|jfx ubf{ lghL If]qn] lng] ;]jf z'Ns dxFuf] eP/ ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Frdf sl7gfO x'g uPsf] jf:tljstfnfO{ ljz]if ?kdf Vofn ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ Jofj;foLsLs/0f ug]{ k|j[lQ lgoGq0f x'g g;s]df ;f]sf] dg;fo tyf k|of]hgdf g} cj/f]w cfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5 . $= ;/sf/L ;]jf ljt/0fdf ePsf ljutsf k|of;x? $=! k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u, @)$* sf] k|ltj]bg • ;/sf/åf/f hgtfdf k'¥ofpg] u/]sf ;]jfx?nfO{ kl/jlt{g ;Gbe{df a9L bIf, pkof]uL / sd vlr{nf] agfpg] d"ne"t p2]Zo /x]sf] . • k|To]s dGqfno÷ljefu÷lgsfosf k|d'vnfO{ s'g cfly{s :t/sf hgtfnfO{ s'g k|sf/ / u'0f:t/sf ;]jf k'¥ofpg' kg]{ xf] :ki6 tf]Sg] . • ;]jfx? k'¥ofpg rflxg] dfgjLo, ljlQo / cGo ;fwgx? pknAw x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg] . • ;]jfx? k'¥ofpg :yfgLo sfof{nox?nfO{ pko'Qm sfo{gLlt ckgfpg k"0f{ :jfoQ agfpg] . • Service Delivery sf] cfwf/df sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ b08 / k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ . • k|To]s jif{ sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lghn] u/]sf] sfdsf] d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df jflif{s tnasf] %) k|ltzt ;Dd k'/:sf/ lbg] . • ;]jf k|bfg ug] { k|To]s sfof{nodf ;f] sfof{non] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfx?sf] p2]Zo, ;]jfsf] k|sf/ / u'0f:t/, ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] k|lqmof tyf ;]jf kfpg hgtfn] k'/\ofpg' kg]{ ljwL tyf kv{g' kg]{ ;do :ki6 ?kdf ;"rgf kf6Ldf n]lvlbg] . • s]xL ;fdfGo ;]jfx? s/f/sf] dfWodaf6 k|jfx u/fpg] . • ;]jf ;~rfngdf u}/ ;/sf/L If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] . 131
- Page 87 and 88: s"n ;/sf/L vr{sf] 4 k|ltzt /x]sf] %
- Page 89 and 90: sdhf]/ /x]sf] % eg] csf{lt/ cfkm"x?
- Page 91 and 92: • g]kfn]sf] ;+ljwfgdf ;+:yfg lgod
- Page 93 and 94: lgisif{ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx? ;/sf/sf ;
- Page 95 and 96: ToxfF sfg"gsf] zf;g x' Fb}g . hxfF
- Page 97 and 98: k|zf;sLo sfg"g /fHo ;~rfngsf] cfwf/
- Page 99 and 100: ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] ljleGg cof]Uo g7xl
- Page 101 and 102: clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ cfTdlgi7 thljh
- Page 103 and 104: l/6 lgj]bgdf JofVof ub}{ elgPsf] 5-
- Page 105 and 106: dfwj s'df/ a:g]t lj?4 k|wfgdGqL ;d]
- Page 107 and 108: Goflos dgsf] k|of]u u/L 5fgljg u/]/
- Page 109 and 110: dfGo x'g g;Sg] eGb} ;jf] {Rr cbfntn
- Page 111 and 112: agfPaf6 ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf lbg'kg]{
- Page 113 and 114: sf/jfxLx? cfkm}df Jojl:yt / dof{lbt
- Page 115 and 116: kb v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf4f/f sfo{Ifdtfs
- Page 117 and 118: @=! lghfdtL ;]jf P]g cGtu{tsf kbx?
- Page 119 and 120: dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ k|ltzt lgwf{/0
- Page 121 and 122: @=@=! P3f/f} / gjf} tx clws[t P3f/f
- Page 123 and 124: 5 5 X 80 = 4.00 100 4 5 X 20 = 1.00
- Page 125 and 126: $= ;dfj]zLtkm{sf ljleGg ;d"xsf] nfl
- Page 127 and 128: { &= k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ;DjGwdf ePsf c
- Page 129 and 130: !@_ k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ug]{ ldltdf Ps?
- Page 131 and 132: g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf ljt/0fsf] ljB
- Page 133 and 134: • 5gf]6sf] kof{Kt cj;/ k|fKt x'g'
- Page 135 and 136: • pQ/bfloTjsf] k/LIf0f lgoldttf /
- Page 137: cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts lqmof
- Page 141 and 142: — ;Ifd / 5l/tf] ;/sf/ (Capable &
- Page 143 and 144: $=^=!) ;/sf/ / ;]jf k|bfossf] sfd s
- Page 145 and 146: • cfjZostfsf] cleJolQm;d]t ;]jfu|
- Page 147 and 148: • ;+/rgfTds kl/jt{gM k|efjsf/L ;]
- Page 149 and 150: • rog jf ljsNksf] lj:tf/ M ;/sf/L
- Page 151 and 152: • dfgjLo ;|f]t ljsf;M;/sf/L ;]jf
- Page 153 and 154: v u'0f:t/Lotf (Quality of Service)
- Page 155 and 156: g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf;df j}b] lzs ;x
- Page 157 and 158: cd]l/sL /fi6«klt lhDdL sf6{/sf] df
- Page 159 and 160: sd ljsl;t d'n'sx?sf nflu tyf e'k]/L
- Page 161 and 162: ;Dd klg g]kfnsf] of]hgfsf] ljlgof]l
- Page 163 and 164: p2]Zox? 11 • j}b]lzs ;xfotfdf ;+r
- Page 165 and 166: cf}Bf]lus gLlt, @)^& j}b]lzs nufgL
- Page 167 and 168: k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zon] 16 ljb]zL nufgL
- Page 169 and 170: u/]sf, /fi6«sf] ;+:yfut / u|x0f ug
- Page 171 and 172: lgisif{ • j}b]lzs ;xfotf u|x0fug]
- Page 173 and 174: ul/jL Go"gLs/0fM ;d:of tyf ;dfwfgsf
- Page 175 and 176: #=@ ;xeflutfTds pkfud o; pkfudn] ul
- Page 177 and 178: • aflif{s cfly{s a[l4 b/ @=% k|lt
- Page 179 and 180: ^=@ gLltut Joj:yfx? • /f]huf/Ldf
- Page 181 and 182: • dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsfx?sf nflu lj
- Page 183 and 184: • :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno cGtu{t ul/j
- Page 185 and 186: • sltko sfo{qmdx?sf] ;Gbe{df j}b]
- Page 187 and 188: • :yfgLo :t/sf ;/sf/ Pj+ lgsfox?s
#=@=% lghL If]qsf lgsfox?<br />
;g\ !(*) sf] bzsaf6 sltko ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] k|jfx ug]{ sfo{df lghL If]q pT;fxa4{s<br />
9Ëaf6 cl3 a9]sf] 5 . ljz]if u/]/ lzIff, :jf:Yo, 6]lnkmf]g tyf ;+rf/sf] cGo If]q, ljB't\ cfk"lt{<br />
h:tf dxTjk"0f{ ;]jfx? k|bfg ug]{ sfo{df lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf pNn]Vo j[l4 eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 .<br />
o;nfO{ lglZrt ?kdf pT;fxa4{s dfGg'kb{5 . t/ sltko ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|jfx ubf{ lghL<br />
If]qn] lng] ;]jf z'Ns dxFuf] eP/ ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Frdf sl7gfO x'g uPsf] jf:tljstfnfO{ ljz]if<br />
?kdf Vofn ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ Jofj;foLsLs/0f ug]{ k|j[lQ lgoGq0f<br />
x'g g;s]df ;f]sf] dg;fo tyf k|of]hgdf g} cj/f]w cfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5 .<br />
$= ;/sf/L ;]jf ljt/0fdf ePsf ljutsf k|of;x?<br />
$=! k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u, @)$* sf] k|ltj]bg<br />
• ;/sf/åf/f hgtfdf k'¥ofpg] u/]sf ;]jfx?nfO{ kl/jlt{g ;Gbe{df a9L bIf, pkof]uL / sd<br />
vlr{nf] agfpg] d"ne"t p2]Zo /x]sf] .<br />
• k|To]s dGqfno÷ljefu÷lgsfosf k|d'vnfO{ s'g cfly{s :t/sf hgtfnfO{ s'g k|sf/ /<br />
u'0f:t/sf ;]jf k'¥ofpg' kg]{ xf] :ki6 tf]Sg] .<br />
• ;]jfx? k'¥ofpg rflxg] dfgjLo, ljlQo / cGo ;fwgx? pknAw x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .<br />
• ;]jfx? k'¥ofpg :yfgLo sfof{nox?nfO{ pko'Qm sfo{gLlt ckgfpg k"0f{ :jfoQ agfpg] .<br />
• Service Delivery sf] cfwf/df sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ b08 / k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .<br />
• k|To]s jif{ sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lghn] u/]sf] sfdsf] d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df jflif{s<br />
tnasf] %) k|ltzt ;Dd k'/:sf/ lbg] .<br />
• ;]jf k|bfg ug] { k|To]s sfof{nodf ;f] sfof{non] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfx?sf] p2]Zo, ;]jfsf] k|sf/<br />
/ u'0f:t/, ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] k|lqmof tyf ;]jf kfpg hgtfn] k'/\ofpg' kg]{ ljwL tyf<br />
kv{g' kg]{ ;do :ki6 ?kdf ;"rgf kf6Ldf n]lvlbg] .<br />
• s]xL ;fdfGo ;]jfx? s/f/sf] dfWodaf6 k|jfx u/fpg] .<br />
• ;]jf ;~rfngdf u}/ ;/sf/L If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] .<br />
131
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