book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
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cfkm}n] pknAw u/fpg g;Sg] ePsf]n] c?åf/f pknAw x'g]Joj:yf;d]tldnfPsf] x'G5 .;/sf/åf/fo;/L pknAw u/fpg] ;]jf hgtfsf] clwsf/sf] ?kdf lnO{G5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jf cGtu{t d'VotofM lgDg ;]jfx? kb{5g\ M– • lzIff • :jf:Yo • vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO • ;fj{hlgs oftfot • zflGt;'/Iff • ljB't\ cfk"lt{ • gu/ ljsf; OToflb !=! ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] rl/q ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] lsl;d / k|s[lt cg';f/ o;sf] rl/qnfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ lrq0f ug{ ;lsG5 M- • Intangibility : ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? w]/} Obstract / Intangible x'g] ePsf]n] o;sf] dfkg ug{ sl7g x'G5 . • Heterogenity : ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? ljljw lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . • Inseparability : ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?nfO{ 5'6\ofpg sl7g x'G5 / hg;xeflutfdf pTkfbg / pkef]u ul/G5 . • Perishability : ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?nfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ sl7g x'G5 . Service Deliver sf] qmddf Citizen nfO{ Customer sf] ?kdf lng] ul/G5 . h;/L u|fxsnfO{ ljqm]tfn] Jojxf/ b]vfp5, To:t} Jojxf/ ;]jf lng] ;Gb{edf klg cfd hgtfn] ck]Iff u/]sf x'G5g\ . hgtfnfO{ ;dod} u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf ljt/0f ug{ ;]jf ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf x'g h?/L 5 M– • ;]jf ljt/0f ug]{ k|0ffnL 5l/tf] x'g'kb{5, • ;]jf tf]lsPsf] ;dodf k|fKt x'g'kb{5, • ;]jf u'0ffTds x'g'kb{5, • hgtfsf] ck]Iff cg';f/sf] x'g'kb{5, 124
• 5gf]6sf] kof{Kt cj;/ k|fKt x'g'kb{5 • hg;xeflutf k|fKt ePsf] x'g'kb{5, • ;fdflhs Gofodf cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 . !=@ g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxsf] l:ylt g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L / vfB ;Dk|e'tfdf ;a} gful/ssf] clwsf/ :yflkt ug] { gLlt lng] Joxf]/f pNn]v ePaf6 cfwf/e"t ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] pknAwtfdf /fHosf] bfloTjnfO{ :ki6 ul/Psf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] ;DaGwdf ;+ljwfgåf/f tf]lsPsf] /fHosf] bfloTjnfO{ k"/f ug{ ;/sf/n] ljleGg P]g, lgod tyf lgb]{lzsfx? / ;+/rgfut Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o; k|of]hgsf nflu pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g, k|zf;sLo sfo{ljlw P]g, k|zf;sLo sfo{ km5\of}{6 lgodfjnL, lghfdtL ;]jf P]g tyf lgodfjnL, cfly{s sfo{ljwL P]g tyf lgodfjnL, ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g tyf lgodfjnL, sfo{ljefhg lgodfjnL, ;]jf ljz]if P]g tyf lgofdfjnLx?, ljifout sfo{lgb]{lzsfx? cflbsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf 5g\ . o;}u/L ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] k|jfxnfO{ ;xh t'Nofpg ;/sf/L ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf k|efjsf/L t'Nofpg] lgb]{lzsf;d]t hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] k|jfx ;DaGwdf pNn]lvt sfg'gL tyf k|zf;sLo Joj:yfnfO{ sfof{lGjt ug{ ;/sf/n] ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx?sf] ;+/rgfut Joj:yf ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] k|jfxdf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx?sf] ;~hfnnfO{ s]Gb|Lo:t/b]lv If]qLo, lhNnf tyf ufpF:t/;Dd lj:tf/ ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|jfx ug{sf lgldt ;g\ !(() sf] bzsb]lv lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf pNn]Vo ?kdf lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . ljz]if u/]/ ;x/L If]qdf lzIff, :jf:Yo, b"/;~rf/, a}+lsu ;]jf h:tf ;]jfx? k|bfg ug{df lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtf pT;fxa4{s /x]sf] 5 . t/ lghL If]qsf ;]jf k|bfos lgsfox?n] lng] u/]sf] rsf] { b:t'/ tyf ;]jf z'Nsn] ubf{ Go"g cfly{s l:ylt ePsf ;j{;fwf/0fn] lghL If]qsf] ;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf 5}gg\ . lghL If]qsf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|bfos lgsfox?sf] ;]jf k|jfxdf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Fr a9fpg ;/sf/n] lgodgsf/L e"ldsf (Regulatory Role) lgjf{x ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . csf]{tkm{ ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?n] k|bfg u/L cfPsf] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] ckof{Kttf, u'0f:t/sf] Go"gtf / clgoldttf h:tf sf/0fx?n] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] k|jfxdf ck]lIft k|efjsfl/tf xfl;n x'gklg ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|jfxsf] ljBdfg l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? ;DaGwL :ki6 /0fgLltx? cFufNg'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf ;]jf ljt/0fdf lje]b gug]{, zf]if0f/lxt ;dfh jgfpg], lzIff, :jf:Yo , cfjf; / /f]huf/L h:tf cfwf/e't ;]jfx?sf] ;+rfng u/L hg;fwf/0fsf] hLjg:t/ psf:g] 125
- Page 81 and 82: • /fi6«;]jsdf hgtfk|ltsf] lhDd]j
- Page 83 and 84: ^= ;'zf;gsf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4sf
- Page 85 and 86: plQs} dxTj /fVb5 . :sfg8]leog d'n's
- Page 87 and 88: s"n ;/sf/L vr{sf] 4 k|ltzt /x]sf] %
- Page 89 and 90: sdhf]/ /x]sf] % eg] csf{lt/ cfkm"x?
- Page 91 and 92: • g]kfn]sf] ;+ljwfgdf ;+:yfg lgod
- Page 93 and 94: lgisif{ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx? ;/sf/sf ;
- Page 95 and 96: ToxfF sfg"gsf] zf;g x' Fb}g . hxfF
- Page 97 and 98: k|zf;sLo sfg"g /fHo ;~rfngsf] cfwf/
- Page 99 and 100: ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] ljleGg cof]Uo g7xl
- Page 101 and 102: clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ cfTdlgi7 thljh
- Page 103 and 104: l/6 lgj]bgdf JofVof ub}{ elgPsf] 5-
- Page 105 and 106: dfwj s'df/ a:g]t lj?4 k|wfgdGqL ;d]
- Page 107 and 108: Goflos dgsf] k|of]u u/L 5fgljg u/]/
- Page 109 and 110: dfGo x'g g;Sg] eGb} ;jf] {Rr cbfntn
- Page 111 and 112: agfPaf6 ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf lbg'kg]{
- Page 113 and 114: sf/jfxLx? cfkm}df Jojl:yt / dof{lbt
- Page 115 and 116: kb v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf4f/f sfo{Ifdtfs
- Page 117 and 118: @=! lghfdtL ;]jf P]g cGtu{tsf kbx?
- Page 119 and 120: dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ k|ltzt lgwf{/0
- Page 121 and 122: @=@=! P3f/f} / gjf} tx clws[t P3f/f
- Page 123 and 124: 5 5 X 80 = 4.00 100 4 5 X 20 = 1.00
- Page 125 and 126: $= ;dfj]zLtkm{sf ljleGg ;d"xsf] nfl
- Page 127 and 128: { &= k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ;DjGwdf ePsf c
- Page 129 and 130: !@_ k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ug]{ ldltdf Ps?
- Page 131: g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf ljt/0fsf] ljB
- Page 135 and 136: • pQ/bfloTjsf] k/LIf0f lgoldttf /
- Page 137 and 138: cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts lqmof
- Page 139 and 140: #=@=% lghL If]qsf lgsfox? ;g\ !(*)
- Page 141 and 142: — ;Ifd / 5l/tf] ;/sf/ (Capable &
- Page 143 and 144: $=^=!) ;/sf/ / ;]jf k|bfossf] sfd s
- Page 145 and 146: • cfjZostfsf] cleJolQm;d]t ;]jfu|
- Page 147 and 148: • ;+/rgfTds kl/jt{gM k|efjsf/L ;]
- Page 149 and 150: • rog jf ljsNksf] lj:tf/ M ;/sf/L
- Page 151 and 152: • dfgjLo ;|f]t ljsf;M;/sf/L ;]jf
- Page 153 and 154: v u'0f:t/Lotf (Quality of Service)
- Page 155 and 156: g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf;df j}b] lzs ;x
- Page 157 and 158: cd]l/sL /fi6«klt lhDdL sf6{/sf] df
- Page 159 and 160: sd ljsl;t d'n'sx?sf nflu tyf e'k]/L
- Page 161 and 162: ;Dd klg g]kfnsf] of]hgfsf] ljlgof]l
- Page 163 and 164: p2]Zox? 11 • j}b]lzs ;xfotfdf ;+r
- Page 165 and 166: cf}Bf]lus gLlt, @)^& j}b]lzs nufgL
- Page 167 and 168: k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zon] 16 ljb]zL nufgL
- Page 169 and 170: u/]sf, /fi6«sf] ;+:yfut / u|x0f ug
- Page 171 and 172: lgisif{ • j}b]lzs ;xfotf u|x0fug]
- Page 173 and 174: ul/jL Go"gLs/0fM ;d:of tyf ;dfwfgsf
- Page 175 and 176: #=@ ;xeflutfTds pkfud o; pkfudn] ul
- Page 177 and 178: • aflif{s cfly{s a[l4 b/ @=% k|lt
- Page 179 and 180: ^=@ gLltut Joj:yfx? • /f]huf/Ldf
- Page 181 and 182: • dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsfx?sf nflu lj
• 5gf]6sf] kof{Kt cj;/ k|fKt x'g'kb{5<br />
• hg;xeflutf k|fKt ePsf] x'g'kb{5,<br />
• ;fdflhs Gofodf cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 .<br />
!=@ g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxsf] l:ylt<br />
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L / vfB ;Dk|e'tfdf ;a} gful/ssf]<br />
clwsf/ :yflkt ug] { gLlt lng] Joxf]/f pNn]v ePaf6 cfwf/e"t ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] pknAwtfdf<br />
/fHosf] bfloTjnfO{ :ki6 ul/Psf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] ;DaGwdf ;+ljwfgåf/f tf]lsPsf]<br />
/fHosf] bfloTjnfO{ k"/f ug{ ;/sf/n] ljleGg P]g, lgod tyf lgb]{lzsfx? / ;+/rgfut Joj:yf<br />
u/]sf] 5 . o; k|of]hgsf nflu pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g, k|zf;sLo sfo{ljlw P]g, k|zf;sLo sfo{<br />
km5\of}{6 lgodfjnL, lghfdtL ;]jf P]g tyf lgodfjnL, cfly{s sfo{ljwL P]g tyf lgodfjnL,<br />
;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g tyf lgodfjnL, sfo{ljefhg lgodfjnL, ;]jf ljz]if P]g tyf lgofdfjnLx?,<br />
ljifout sfo{lgb]{lzsfx? cflbsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf 5g\ . o;}u/L ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] k|jfxnfO{<br />
;xh t'Nofpg ;/sf/L ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf k|efjsf/L t'Nofpg] lgb]{lzsf;d]t hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .<br />
;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] k|jfx ;DaGwdf pNn]lvt sfg'gL tyf k|zf;sLo Joj:yfnfO{ sfof{lGjt ug{<br />
;/sf/n] ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx?sf] ;+/rgfut Joj:yf ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .<br />
;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] k|jfxdf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx?sf] ;~hfnnfO{<br />
s]Gb|Lo:t/b]lv If]qLo, lhNnf tyf ufpF:t/;Dd lj:tf/ ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs<br />
;]jfx? k|jfx ug{sf lgldt ;g\ !(() sf] bzsb]lv lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf pNn]Vo ?kdf<br />
lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . ljz]if u/]/ ;x/L If]qdf lzIff, :jf:Yo, b"/;~rf/, a}+lsu ;]jf h:tf ;]jfx?<br />
k|bfg ug{df lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtf pT;fxa4{s /x]sf] 5 . t/ lghL If]qsf ;]jf k|bfos lgsfox?n]<br />
lng] u/]sf] rsf] { b:t'/ tyf ;]jf z'Nsn] ubf{ Go"g cfly{s l:ylt ePsf ;j{;fwf/0fn] lghL If]qsf]<br />
;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf 5}gg\ . lghL If]qsf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|bfos lgsfox?sf] ;]jf<br />
k|jfxdf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Fr a9fpg ;/sf/n] lgodgsf/L e"ldsf (Regulatory Role) lgjf{x ug{<br />
;s]sf] 5}g . csf]{tkm{ ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?n] k|bfg u/L cfPsf] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf]<br />
ckof{Kttf, u'0f:t/sf] Go"gtf / clgoldttf h:tf sf/0fx?n] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx?sf] k|jfxdf<br />
ck]lIft k|efjsfl/tf xfl;n x'gklg ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? k|jfxsf] ljBdfg<br />
l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? ;DaGwL :ki6 /0fgLltx? cFufNg'kg]{ cfjZostf<br />
/x]sf] 5 .<br />
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf ;]jf ljt/0fdf lje]b gug]{, zf]if0f/lxt ;dfh jgfpg], lzIff, :jf:Yo<br />
, cfjf; / /f]huf/L h:tf cfwf/e't ;]jfx?sf] ;+rfng u/L hg;fwf/0fsf] hLjg:t/ psf:g]<br />
125