book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
book setup 2069 nijamati.indd book setup 2069 nijamati.indd
cjwf/0ffk|lt k|lta4 /fHon] sfg"gsf] ;jf]{kl/tfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L tbg'?ksf] cfr/0f / Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cfr/0f / Jojxf/af6 sfg"gsf] dof{bf u/]sf] cg'e"lt lbg ;Sg'kb{5 . === sfg"g k|i6 5 eg] ;f]sf] ljk/Lt /fHosf] dgf]dfgL sfo{af6 gful/ssf] df}lns xsdf cf3ft k'¥ofOg] sfo{ sfg"gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ffn] ljns"n} :jLsf/ ug{ ;Sb}g . 19 ?Sd ;dz]/ /fgf lj?4 d=k=;=;d]t ePsf] csf] { l/6 lgj]bgdf ljgf cfwf/ v]ns"b kl/ifb\sf] ;b:o ;lrj kbaf6 lgj]bsnfO{ x6fpg] lg0f{onfO{ :j]R5frf/Ltfsf] ;+1f lbO{ To:tf] sfo{nfO{ sfg"gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ffn] :jLsf/ ug{ g;Sg] egL ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] JofVof u/]sf] 5 . === lgo'lQm ug]{n] ljgf s'g} cfwf/ cjsfz klg lbg ;S5 egL cy{ ubf{ kbdf lgo'Qm JolQm hlxn] klg c;'/lIft eO/xg] / sfo{sfl/0fLsf] :j]R5frf/LtfnfO{ a9fjf x'g hfg] x'G5 . h'g s'/f ;+ljwfgsf] cjwf/0ffsf] k|lts"n x'G5 eGb} ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] kfngf ug'{ kg]{ st{Jo /fHo tyf JolQm ;a}sf] xf], ;+ljwfgsf] efjgf / sfg"gsf] Joj:yf cg's"n /fHon] cfˆgf] sfo{z}nL ckgfpg' kg]{ x'G5 egL cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] 5 . 20 cRo"ts[i0f v/]n lj= d=k=;=;d]t ePsf] csf]{ Pp6f l/6df k|x/L dxflg/LIfsnfO{ ljgf ;xdlt /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefusf] k|d'vdf lgo'lQm ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ablgotk"0f{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . ;f] cfb]zdf elgPsf] 5 – ;/sf/ kl/jt{g x'gf;fy cfjZostf / cf}lrTo gb]vfO{ k|x/L dxflg/LIfs kl/jt{g ugf{n] k|x/L ;]jfsf] dgf]jn (Moral) df k|lts"n c;/ kg] { / k|x/Lsf] cfˆgf] k]zfut u'0f (Professional quality) tyf Ifdtf / lgk"0f{tf (Capacity and Efficiency) df k|lts"n c;/ kg{ hfg] x'G5 . ;fy} s'g} st}sf] /fhgLlts s[kfsf e/df k|x/L k|zf;g lge{/ /xg] xf] eg] k|x/L k|zf;gsf] lgikIftf / st{Jo k/fo0ftfdf x|f; cfO{ b]zsf] cfGtl/s cdgr}g (Law and order) sf] l:ylt lju|g hfG5 . === ;/sf/åf/f ul/g] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgG5 t/ ;/sf/åf/f ul/g] sfo{ ljj]s / sfg"g tyf pko'Qm dfkb08sf] ;Ldfleq /x]sf] x'g'k5{ . k|:t't ljjfbdf ul/Psf] lg0f{o xr'jf, dgf]dfgL / /fhg}lts p2]Zok"lt{sf nflu dfq ul/Psf] xf] egL ;fj{hlgs ljjfbsf] 3]/fleq k/]sf] b]lvg' b'ef{Uok"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . To;af6 ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o cfwf/, sf/0f / cf}lrToljxLg dfq ge} ablgotk"0f{ (Malafide) ePsf]n] sfg"gL /fHo (Rule of Law) sf] cjwf/0ff k|lts"n /x]sf] b]lvFbf /Ltk"j{ssf] lg0f{o eGg ldNb}g . 21 thljhL clwsf/ sfg"g;Ddt, Gofof]lrt / ;b\ljj]sdf cfwfl/t x'g'kg]{ dxfGofolwjQmf ab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{ lj?4 clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u;d]t ePsf] csf] { Pp6f 19 g]=sf=k= @)%# c+s !@ lg=g+= ^@(% k[ *!! 20 g]=sf=k= @)%$ c+s ! lg=g+= ^#)$ k[= * 21 g]=sf=k= @)%%, c+s !! k[= lg=g+= ^^@$ k[= ^@$ 94
l/6 lgj]bgdf JofVof ub}{ elgPsf] 5– s'g} clws[tn] cfˆgf] thljhL clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/]sf]df ablgot jf :j]R5frf/Ltf b]lvPsf] 5}g eg] cfof]un] of] P]g -cb'ccf P]g_ cGtu{t sf/jfxL rnfpg ldNb}g . t/ s;"/hGo sfo{af6 s;}n] pGd'lQm gkfpg] x'Fbf ;Dkflbt sfo{df e|i6frf/hGo sfo{ ePsf] 5 eGg] cleof]usf ;DaGwdf dxfGofoflwjQmfåf/f ;Dkflbt sfo{sf lj?4 clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] cg';Gwfg / txlssft ug{ gkfpg] eGg ldNg] cj:yf x'Fb}g . 22 lgj]bs nfSkf nfdf lj?4 :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno ;d]t ePsf] csf]{ Pp6f l/6 lsgf/f ub}{ ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] thljhL clwsf/ sfg"g;Ddt, Gofof]lrt / ;b\ljj]sdf cfwfl/t x'g'kg]{ JofVof u/]sf] 5 . ;f] cfb]zdf elgPsf] 5 – sfg"gn] g} lglZrt kbfjlw tf]s]sf] kbdf lgo'Qm jf dgf]gog ePsf JolQmnfO{ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f gx' Fb} x6fpg 7f]; / lglZrt cfwf/ b]vfpg ;Sg'kg]{ x'G5 . thljhL clwsf/ xn'sf lsl;dn] k|of]u ug{ kfOFb}g . ljjfb lg/f]k0fsf] ;Gbe{df lglZrt ult k|fKt ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltkflbt l;4fGtsf] kfngf ug'{ ;a}sf] ;+j}wflgs st{Jo / bfloTj x'G5 . 23 lj/h' /lGht lj= lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno ;d]t ePsf] Pp6f l/6df l6Kk0fLsf cfwf/df sd{rf/L lgo'lQm ug] { sfo{nfO{ clVtof/sf] b'?kof]u eGb} cfjZos cg';Gwfgsf nflu clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf n]vL k7fpg] u/L ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 cfb]z ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] cfb]zdf elgPsf] 5 – lj1fkg gu/L, k|ltikwf{ gu/fO{ ;f6;'6, u'kr'k u/L lgo'lQm ubf{ Fovouritism, Nepoltism / Biasness n] :yfg kfpF5 . hasL o:tf] sfo{ Good Governance / Rule of Law ljk/Lt xf] . k|lt:kwf{ gu/fO{ lgo'lQm lbg] sfo{ e|i6frf/ geO{ xfn] klg clVtof/sf] b'?kof]u t eO{ g} xfN5 / sfg"gL /fHodf o:tf] sfo{nfO{ slxn] klg :yfg / k|>o lbg' x'Fb}g . 24 cWf{Goflos clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg gx'g] vf; vf; cj:yf / kl/l:yltnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL klxn] g} clwsf/ljxLg sfo{ z'? u/]sf]df ;f] sfo{nfO{ cg'df]bg ub} { clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ul/G5 eg] To;nfO{ b'/fu|xL / k"jf{u|xL dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 eGb} /fdaxfb'/ uf}td lj?4 pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\ ;d]t ePsf] l/6 lgj]bgx? ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] eg]sf] 5 – vf; ;hfok|lt ;+s]t u/L klxn] g} :ki6Ls/0f ;f]wL ;s]sf] s'/fnfO{ cg'df]bg ;d]t u/L k|Tofof]hg x'g g;Sg] cw{Goflos clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg u/]sf] sfo{nfO{ z'4 efjgfaf6 ePsf] /x]5 eGg g;lsg] x'G5 . 25 sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] k|lqmofsf] kfngf gu/L cfˆg} thljhsf] cfwf/df ul/Psf] lg0f{o sfg"gsf] b[li6df :j]R5frf/L 7xl/G5 . clVtof/jfnfsf] sfdsf/jfxLdf e]befjsf] 22 g]=s=k= @)%* c+s %.^, lg=g+= &))! k[= @#^ 23 g]=sf=k= @)%( c+s !.@ lg=g+= &)%@ k[ ! 24 g]=sf=k= @)^@ c+s ! lg=g+= &$** k[= !)) 25 g]=sf=k= @)^@ c+s % lg=g+= &%#% k[= %@$ 95
- Page 51 and 52: • g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/afxLnfO{
- Page 53 and 54: k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] . o:tf] s
- Page 55 and 56: • cfk"m axfn /x]sf] ljefu jf ;f]
- Page 57 and 58: @=!=^ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg] s'
- Page 59 and 60: • ;]jf k|jfxsf] k|fyldstf, • If
- Page 61 and 62: ^= ;]jf ;'ljwf k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:y
- Page 63 and 64: hnjfo' kl/jt{g Joj:yfkgsf ;Gbe{df h
- Page 65 and 66: lqmofsnfk k[YjLsf] rf]vf]kg ljufg{d
- Page 67 and 68: tyf ljsf;f]Gd'v b'j} ;d"xsf d'n'sx?
- Page 69 and 70: • hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;Gbe{df x'g] k
- Page 71 and 72: • to ul/Psf] pQm ;+s]t -!, @ jf #
- Page 73 and 74: j[xt g]kfnL zAbsf]z cg';f/ ;'zf;gsf
- Page 75 and 76: cf=j= @)^^÷)^& sf] ah]6 jQmJo •
- Page 77 and 78: ;'zf;gsf] lhDd]jf/ kIfdf s]jn sfo{k
- Page 79 and 80: nfO{ k|f]T;fxg glbg', pQ/bfloTjsf]
- Page 81 and 82: • /fi6«;]jsdf hgtfk|ltsf] lhDd]j
- Page 83 and 84: ^= ;'zf;gsf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4sf
- Page 85 and 86: plQs} dxTj /fVb5 . :sfg8]leog d'n's
- Page 87 and 88: s"n ;/sf/L vr{sf] 4 k|ltzt /x]sf] %
- Page 89 and 90: sdhf]/ /x]sf] % eg] csf{lt/ cfkm"x?
- Page 91 and 92: • g]kfn]sf] ;+ljwfgdf ;+:yfg lgod
- Page 93 and 94: lgisif{ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx? ;/sf/sf ;
- Page 95 and 96: ToxfF sfg"gsf] zf;g x' Fb}g . hxfF
- Page 97 and 98: k|zf;sLo sfg"g /fHo ;~rfngsf] cfwf/
- Page 99 and 100: ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] ljleGg cof]Uo g7xl
- Page 101: clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ cfTdlgi7 thljh
- Page 105 and 106: dfwj s'df/ a:g]t lj?4 k|wfgdGqL ;d]
- Page 107 and 108: Goflos dgsf] k|of]u u/L 5fgljg u/]/
- Page 109 and 110: dfGo x'g g;Sg] eGb} ;jf] {Rr cbfntn
- Page 111 and 112: agfPaf6 ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf lbg'kg]{
- Page 113 and 114: sf/jfxLx? cfkm}df Jojl:yt / dof{lbt
- Page 115 and 116: kb v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf4f/f sfo{Ifdtfs
- Page 117 and 118: @=! lghfdtL ;]jf P]g cGtu{tsf kbx?
- Page 119 and 120: dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ k|ltzt lgwf{/0
- Page 121 and 122: @=@=! P3f/f} / gjf} tx clws[t P3f/f
- Page 123 and 124: 5 5 X 80 = 4.00 100 4 5 X 20 = 1.00
- Page 125 and 126: $= ;dfj]zLtkm{sf ljleGg ;d"xsf] nfl
- Page 127 and 128: { &= k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ;DjGwdf ePsf c
- Page 129 and 130: !@_ k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ug]{ ldltdf Ps?
- Page 131 and 132: g]kfndf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf ljt/0fsf] ljB
- Page 133 and 134: • 5gf]6sf] kof{Kt cj;/ k|fKt x'g'
- Page 135 and 136: • pQ/bfloTjsf] k/LIf0f lgoldttf /
- Page 137 and 138: cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts lqmof
- Page 139 and 140: #=@=% lghL If]qsf lgsfox? ;g\ !(*)
- Page 141 and 142: — ;Ifd / 5l/tf] ;/sf/ (Capable &
- Page 143 and 144: $=^=!) ;/sf/ / ;]jf k|bfossf] sfd s
- Page 145 and 146: • cfjZostfsf] cleJolQm;d]t ;]jfu|
- Page 147 and 148: • ;+/rgfTds kl/jt{gM k|efjsf/L ;]
- Page 149 and 150: • rog jf ljsNksf] lj:tf/ M ;/sf/L
- Page 151 and 152: • dfgjLo ;|f]t ljsf;M;/sf/L ;]jf
l/6 lgj]bgdf JofVof ub}{ elgPsf] 5– s'g} clws[tn] cfˆgf] thljhL clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/]sf]df<br />
ablgot jf :j]R5frf/Ltf b]lvPsf] 5}g eg] cfof]un] of] P]g -cb'ccf P]g_ cGtu{t sf/jfxL<br />
rnfpg ldNb}g . t/ s;"/hGo sfo{af6 s;}n] pGd'lQm gkfpg] x'Fbf ;Dkflbt sfo{df e|i6frf/hGo<br />
sfo{ ePsf] 5 eGg] cleof]usf ;DaGwdf dxfGofoflwjQmfåf/f ;Dkflbt sfo{sf lj?4 clVtof/<br />
b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] cg';Gwfg / txlssft ug{ gkfpg] eGg ldNg] cj:yf x'Fb}g . 22<br />
lgj]bs nfSkf nfdf lj?4 :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno ;d]t ePsf] csf]{ Pp6f l/6 lsgf/f ub}{ ;jf] {Rr<br />
cbfntn] thljhL clwsf/ sfg"g;Ddt, Gofof]lrt / ;b\ljj]sdf cfwfl/t x'g'kg]{ JofVof u/]sf]<br />
5 . ;f] cfb]zdf elgPsf] 5 – sfg"gn] g} lglZrt kbfjlw tf]s]sf] kbdf lgo'Qm jf dgf]gog<br />
ePsf JolQmnfO{ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f gx' Fb} x6fpg 7f]; / lglZrt cfwf/ b]vfpg ;Sg'kg]{ x'G5 .<br />
thljhL clwsf/ xn'sf lsl;dn] k|of]u ug{ kfOFb}g . ljjfb lg/f]k0fsf] ;Gbe{df lglZrt ult k|fKt<br />
ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltkflbt l;4fGtsf] kfngf ug'{ ;a}sf] ;+j}wflgs st{Jo / bfloTj x'G5 . 23<br />
lj/h' /lGht lj= lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno ;d]t ePsf] Pp6f l/6df l6Kk0fLsf cfwf/df sd{rf/L<br />
lgo'lQm ug] { sfo{nfO{ clVtof/sf] b'?kof]u eGb} cfjZos cg';Gwfgsf nflu clVtof/ b'?kof]u<br />
cg';Gwfg cfof]udf n]vL k7fpg] u/L ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 cfb]z ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] cfb]zdf<br />
elgPsf] 5 – lj1fkg gu/L, k|ltikwf{ gu/fO{ ;f6;'6, u'kr'k u/L lgo'lQm ubf{ Fovouritism,<br />
Nepoltism / Biasness n] :yfg kfpF5 . hasL o:tf] sfo{ Good Governance / Rule of Law<br />
ljk/Lt xf] . k|lt:kwf{ gu/fO{ lgo'lQm lbg] sfo{ e|i6frf/ geO{ xfn] klg clVtof/sf] b'?kof]u t eO{<br />
g} xfN5 / sfg"gL /fHodf o:tf] sfo{nfO{ slxn] klg :yfg / k|>o lbg' x'Fb}g . 24<br />
cWf{Goflos clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg gx'g]<br />
vf; vf; cj:yf / kl/l:yltnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL klxn] g} clwsf/ljxLg sfo{ z'? u/]sf]df ;f]<br />
sfo{nfO{ cg'df]bg ub} { clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ul/G5 eg] To;nfO{ b'/fu|xL / k"jf{u|xL dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 eGb}<br />
/fdaxfb'/ uf}td lj?4 pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\ ;d]t ePsf] l/6 lgj]bgx? ;jf] {Rr cbfntn]<br />
eg]sf] 5 – vf; ;hfok|lt ;+s]t u/L klxn] g} :ki6Ls/0f ;f]wL ;s]sf] s'/fnfO{ cg'df]bg ;d]t u/L<br />
k|Tofof]hg x'g g;Sg] cw{Goflos clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg u/]sf] sfo{nfO{ z'4 efjgfaf6 ePsf] /x]5<br />
eGg g;lsg] x'G5 . 25 sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] k|lqmofsf] kfngf gu/L cfˆg} thljhsf] cfwf/df<br />
ul/Psf] lg0f{o sfg"gsf] b[li6df :j]R5frf/L 7xl/G5 . clVtof/jfnfsf] sfdsf/jfxLdf e]befjsf]<br />
22 g]=s=k= @)%* c+s %.^, lg=g+= &))! k[= @#^<br />
23 g]=sf=k= @)%( c+s !.@ lg=g+= &)%@ k[ !<br />
24 g]=sf=k= @)^@ c+s ! lg=g+= &$** k[= !))<br />
25 g]=sf=k= @)^@ c+s % lg=g+= &%#% k[= %@$<br />
95
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