Aerosols, Monsoon Rainfall Variability, and Climate Change
Aerosols, Monsoon Rainfall Variability, and Climate Change
Aerosols, Monsoon Rainfall Variability, and Climate Change
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m w.e.]<br />
glacier [m<br />
noffs from<br />
Differe ences of ru<br />
Increased total annual runoffs of 54-149 mm w.e.<br />
Estimation of additional annual runoff<br />
4.5<br />
4.0<br />
from Dongkemadi glacier • corresponding to<br />
9024 9.0-24.8% of total annual runoff of the glacier.<br />
from snow-darkening effect<br />
3.5<br />
3.0<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
05 0.5<br />
0.0<br />
1992 2/9/8<br />
1992 2/9/23<br />
Albedo decrease of 1.6% -•Using Control a glacier run mass balance model<br />
(Fujita, 2007, Fujita et al., 2007).<br />
Albedo decrease of 4.1% - with Control the same run input data as used in p<br />
revious studies<br />
A case of a tyipical Ti<br />
betan glacier<br />
1992<br />
1992<br />
2/10/23<br />
2/10/8<br />
1992 2/11/7<br />
1992 2/11/22<br />
1992<br />
1992<br />
2/12/22<br />
2/12/7<br />
1993 3/1/6<br />
1993 3/1/21<br />
1993<br />
1993<br />
3/2/20<br />
3/2/5<br />
1993 3/3/7<br />
• Over a typical Tibetan glacier<br />
(Dongkemadi glacier), continuous<br />
albedo reductions of 1.6 & 4.1%<br />
may increase by 9.0-24.8% the<br />
annual run off from discharge of<br />
melted snow<br />
1993 3/3/22<br />
1993 3/4/6<br />
1993 3/4/21<br />
Date<br />
1993 3/5/6<br />
1993 3/5/21<br />
1993 3/6/5<br />
1993 3/6/20<br />
1993 3/7/5<br />
1993 3/7/20<br />
1993 3/8/4<br />
1993 3/8/19<br />
1993 3/9/3<br />
1993 3/9/18<br />
1993<br />
1993<br />
3/10/18<br />
3/10/3<br />
1993 3/11/2
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