Aerosols, Monsoon Rainfall Variability, and Climate Change

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Climate Change is “a clear and present danger” in high-mountain regions • Sixty-seven percent of glaciers are retreating at a startling rate in the Himalayas, and the major causes have been identified as global warming . Ageta and Kadota 1992, Yamada et al. 1996, Fushinmi 2000) • Overall, Himalaya glaciers are losing mass rapidly at a rates about 500 -1000 kg m -2 /year, but rates are highly hl variable in space and time. However Himalaya glacier will NOT disappear by 2035, as previously reported by IPCC 2007 (J. Kargel et al. 2009). • Himalayas mountain regions are already suffering from major environmental degradation: floods from bursting of glacier lakes, soil erosion, shortage of water and power supply, loss of biodiversity……
Climate Change is devastating high-mountain countries (Nepal, Bhatan, Pakistan-K2..) • Diminished fresh water supply • Increased flooding of river basins • Reduced agriculture productivity • Increased health hazards • Increased Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) • Shortage of energy and power resources: hydro-electric, coal-burning, biofuel… • Highly stressed eco-system, threatened biodiversity and wildlife Tsho Rolpa Glacier Lake, Ne pal Near Sundari Ghat, Bagmati, 2002 July 23
Page 1 and 2: Aerosol, Asian Monsoon and Climate
Page 4 and 5: Global Warming ≠ Climate Change C
Page 6 and 7: Energy demands by types in China co
Page 8 and 9: “……human influences are signi
Page 10 and 11: Definition of aerosol An aerosol is
Page 12 and 13: Microphysics (indirect) effects of
Page 14 and 15: Aerosols have done a lot more than
Page 16 and 17: NASA’s Satellites Taking the Puls
Page 18 and 19: Aerosol-induced anomalies of surfac
Page 20 and 21: Characteristic EHP large scale patt
Page 24 and 25: Accelerated melting of Himalaya-Tib
Page 26 and 27: EHP induced heating and moistening
Page 28 and 29: “Snow Darkening Effect”: Black
Page 30 and 31: Estimated “lower limit” of BC d
Page 32 and 33: Building up the case for importance
Page 34 and 35: Back Up
Page 36 and 37: Absorbing aerosols (dust and BC) re
Page 38 and 39: Interannual Variation of Snow Water
Page 40 and 41: Relative percentage change of surfa
Page 42 and 43: Enhanced surface warming and accele
Page 44 and 45: AOT of total GOCART aerosols May Ar
Page 46 and 47: The Elevated Heat Pump Hypothesis (
Page 48 and 49: Seasonal mean of snow cover fractio
Page 50 and 51: Generalized glacier Equilibrium Lin
Page 52 and 53: Possible major causes of accelerate
Page 54 and 55: State of Gujar at Western India Wha
Page 56 and 57: MODIS Terra true-color composite Th
Page 58 and 59: EHP associated teleconnection (1987
Page 60 and 61: May/June Difference between 2004 an

Aerosols, Monsoon Rainfall Variability, and Climate Change

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