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Aerosols, Monsoon Rainfall Variability, and Climate Change

Aerosols, Monsoon Rainfall Variability, and Climate Change

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Microphysics (indirect) effects of aerosols on<br />

warm rain <strong>and</strong> ice-phase rain<br />

Water cloud<br />

Snowing cloud<br />

Suppress<br />

warm rain<br />

CCN<br />

Oxidation, Nucle<br />

ation<br />

CCN/IN<br />

Enhance ice nucleation,<br />

increase cold rain/snow<br />

∗ ∗<br />

∗<br />

SO 2 , NO x , Organics, Soot<br />

Soil dust<br />

saltation<br />

Industry<br />

Biomass<br />

burning<br />

Automobiles

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