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ANNEX III
Presentation from local resource person- Kumar Yonzon
An analytical Concept on
Structure, Situation and Challenges of Tamu Hyule (Tamuwan)
Resam Tamu, General Secretary
Tamu Hyule Chhong Dhin Gurung National Council, Central Committee
Historical Background
The Gurung’s Khol state was abolished during
the period of Thakuri king of Kaski, Jagati
Khan, five hundred years ago. According to
Prof. Narayan Gurung (2064 B.S.) the King of
Gorkha, Drabya Shah murdered Tamu King
Samari Klhen in 1559.
In 1865 Mangsir 5 (Friday), the royal seal by
the then King Girwan Bikram Shah said, “You,
Gurung non-entity are carrying out rituals
from Lama Ghyawri in the name of ancestryreligion,
but now onwards, for ancestryreligion
you should carry it out through a
Upadhyaya Brahman, have ten karma done,
and purification rituals”.
The caste-based discrimination is found to
have begun in the 14th century following the
act of classification of the Newar community
into 64 castes by Jayasthiti Malla (1382-1395
B.S.) with the help of Maithili and Hill Brahmins.
Budhathoki (2039) writes that Jayasthiti Malla,
with the might of state power, revived the once
disappeared Sanatan Hindu religion.
Secondly, after seizing control, through military
action, over small principalities, Prithvi Narayan
Shah introduced the concept of 4 castes 36
races, or 4 races 36 castes and described Nepal
as a real Hindustan. And we should understand
this very act as the beginning of the attack
on the language, religion and culture of the
indigenous nationalities.
The third strike of Hinduism was the Jange
law or the Country Code which classified the
Nepali society into Brahmin, Chhetri, Baishya
and Shudra. As a result, higher/smaller, upper/
lower, touchable/untouchable, sacred/
unsacred caste groups were created and
discrimination, suppression and exploitation
began. For example, indigenous nationalities
were included under the ‘Shudra’ category.
Collective efforts and awareness
• MaGuRaLi (Magar,Gurung, Rai and
Limbu) and SeTaMaGuRaLi (Sherpa,
Tamang, Magar,Gurung, Rai and
Limbu) campaigns during 2012/13 BS,
• Allegation of inviting communalism
and disintegration,
• Symbolic representation during the
Panchayat Period, and
• Context of 10 years People’s War,
062/63 (2007) Second Janaandolan
(Popular Movement) and the 12-point
agreement.
Geography, Population and Cultural Situation
Geography
Among the Nepali researchers, Prof. Dor
34 Federalism Dialogues Series 5