English - Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal ...

• Political prime rights for the
targeted group for the post of
chief executive at the provincial
level and in autonomous regions.
• Indigenous nationalities are
entitled to special opportunities
for the protection and promotion
of their language and culture,
and for their development and
empowerment.
• Indigenous groups, indigenous
nationalities and Madheshis have
the right to self determination.
So far as rights granted by ILO
169 are concerned, this applies
to those peoples who have been
living in the country since before
the construction of the present
territory of Nepal and who have
been left out of the mainstream of
development.
• Discrimination against Dalits
is a social crime and subject
to punishment. In addition to
a provision for reservations,
affirmative action and inclusive
proportional representation
in proportion to size of their
population, the representation of
Dalits in the state apparatus will be
higher by 3% at the central level
and 5% at provincial level.
• Concerning women, provisions
are made for gender equality,
reservations, affirmative action,
sexual and maternity rights,
and inclusive representation at
all levels of the state apparatus
in proportion to the size of the
population.
• All mother tongues are
national languages, but for
the present Nepali alone is the
official language of the central
government. In the future, other
languages may also be recognized
as official languages of the central
government provided the Linguistic
Commission recommends and
the central legislature approves.
At provincial and local levels, the
local languages could also be used
as official languages.
• Proposals are of made for 11
constitutional organizations, some
of which relate to the excluded
groups, i.e. a Women’s Commission,
Dalit Commission, Indigenous
Nationalities Commission,
Madheshi Commission, Muslim
Commission etc.
IV. Fiscal Federalism
IV. 1
Understanding Fiscal Federalism
• Fiscal federalism includes (1)
income and expenditure of all the
three levels of government: central,
provincial and local; (2) sources of
their income: self, shared and grants;
(3) equalization through extraction
of more revenue from developed
provinces and distribution of more
grants to underdeveloped provinces.
IV. 2. Sources of income
1. Central government: customs,
antasulka, VAT, institutional tax
and fees for different services;
2. Provincial government: income
tax, property tax, professional
tax, malpot, registration fees,
vehicle tax, entertainment tax,
advertisement tax, tourist fee,
agriculture income tax, and other
service taxes;
3. Local government/Autonomous
Area: rent tax, property tax,
vehicle tax, malpot tiro, tourism,
advertisement tax, registration
fees (land/home), and other fees.
Other income of the three levels of
the government is shared income, i.e.
Proposed Tamuwan Province Report 7